| Research and Development |
| R&D personnel | 714.11 per million people in 2017 | WB |
| Europe R&D personnel (per million people) |
| Luxembourg | 3,166.02 in 2017 | WB |
| Austria | 2,648.1 in 2017 | WB |
| Switzerland | 2,619.74 in 2017 | WB |
| Iceland | 2,371.46 in 2017 | WB |
| Czech Republic | 2,186.36 in 2018 | WB |
| Denmark | 2,123.6 in 2011 | WB |
| Netherlands | 2,037.69 in 2011 | WB |
| Sweden | 2,027.53 in 2011 | WB |
| Germany | 2,006.65 in 2017 | WB |
| Slovenia | 1,814.2 in 2017 | WB |
| France | 1,805.54 in 2017 | WB |
| Belgium | 1,377.9 in 2011 | WB |
| United Kingdom | 1,305.43 in 2016 | WB |
| Spain | 1,264.92 in 2017 | WB |
| Ireland | 1,164.61 in 2017 | WB |
| Malta | 885.98 in 2017 | WB |
| Italy | 820.01 in 1996 | WB |
| Portugal | 780.06 in 2017 | WB |
| Hungary | 770.31 in 2017 | WB |
| Croatia | 714.11 in 2017 | WB |
| Estonia | 654.85 in 2017 | WB |
| Greece | 585.1 in 2011 | WB |
| Slovakia | 520.63 in 2018 | WB |
| Lithuania | 462.48 in 2011 | WB |
| Bulgaria | 442.22 in 2011 | WB |
| Russian Federation | 437.84 in 2018 | WB |
| Poland | 415.27 in 2017 | WB |
| Serbia | 412.03 in 2018 | WB |
| Latvia | 391.19 in 2011 | WB |
| Romania | 278.82 in 2017 | WB |
| Montenegro | 156.16 in 2017 | WB |
| Ukraine | 150.14 in 2018 | WB |
| Monaco | 147.74 in 2005 | WB |
| North Macedonia | 91.12 in 2018 | WB |
| Republic of Moldova | 60.41 in 2018 | WB |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 50.93 in 2018 | WB |
| Albania | 39.96 in 2008 | WB |
| Research and Development R&D personnel |
| Number of Technicians R&D personnel | 714.11 per million people in 2017 | WB |
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