United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition:A journalist is a person whose profession is to write for newspapers or magazines or to prepare news or features to be broadcast on radio, television or electronic media. Journalists are defined by ISCO-08, code 2642 even though this group comprises some other related occupations. .. - data not available Country: Canada Data based on National Occupational Classification 2006. Country: Canada Data exclude the 3 northern territories. Country: Croatia Data refer only to journalists who are members of the Croatian Journalists Association. Country: Cyprus Reference period (1990): data refer to 1989. Country: Cyprus Territorial change (1990 onward): data refer to Government controlled areas only. Country: Czechia Change in definition (1990 - 2001): Data refer to membership of the Syndicate of journalists only. Country: Denmark Data refer to november of preceding year. 2009: break in series, change in source. Country: Finland Break in methodology (2010): From 2010 data are corresponding to ISCO08. Country: Iceland Data refers to members of two associations of journalists at end of year. Country: Ireland Change in definition (2011 - 2013): Membership of National Union of Journalists. Country: Latvia Change in definition (2002 - 2006): Include all persons according definition of the occupational group 2451 Authors, journalists and other writers (a-l) (ISCO-88). Journalists are defined by ISCO 2451 even though this group comprises some other related occupations. Country: Latvia Change in definition (2010): Include all persons according definition of the occupational group 2642 Journalists (ISCO-08). Country: Lithuania Additional information (2011): Data by classification ISCO-08, group 2642. Country: Norway From 2011 data refer to ISCO-08 and average per year. Refers to ISCO-code 2641-51, 2656 combined. Country: Romania Change in definition (1990 - 2013): The figures represent the registered members of the Professional Journalists Union of Romania. Country: Serbia 2015 data are for the membership in the Association of Serbian Journalists. Country: Sweden Change in nomenclature from ISCO-88 to ISCO-08 between 2013 and 2014. Country: Switzerland Break in methodlogy (2010): As of 2010, data are estimated from structural surveys realised annually within the framework of the new population census. Measurement: Journalists , Country: Switzerland Data are rounded by multiple of 1000. Country: United Kingdom Change in definition (2001): Data is based on the SOC2000 classification, codes 3412 (authors, writers) and 3431 (journalists, newspaper and periodical editors).

Definition:Time use represents the average time spent on an activity per day (hours and minutes per day). All persons are included, whether they have performed this activity or not, and all days of the week, as well as working and holiday periods are included. Free time includes activities that are not defined in other time use categories. E.g, volunteer work and meetings, helping other households, socializing and entertainment, sports and outdoor activities, hobbies and games, reading, watching TV, resting or doing nothing. Socializing – includes visiting and receiving visitors, feasts, phone calls and conversation with family or friends, etc. Reading - includes reading periodicals, brochures, books, etc. Sports – includes walking and hiking, all kinds of sports (jogging, ball games, water sports, etc.) productive exercises (hunting, fishing, picking berries, etc.) and sport related activities. Hobbies and games – collecting, correspondence, solo games and play, parlour games and play, gambling, etc. Includes also visual, performing and literary arts. Volunteer work and help – includes work for/through an organization and informal help to other households. Note on data format: Data are reported in number of hours, where decimals represent hundredths of an hour (ex: 1.75 should be read 1 hour and 45 minutes; 0.20 should be read 12 minutes). .. - data not available Country: Armenia Data refer to October 2008 and to the population aged 15-80. Country: Austria Country: Bulgaria Reference period (2002): Data refer to 2001-2002. Country: Bulgaria Reference period (2010): Data refer to 2009-2010. Country: Canada Change in definition (1990 - 2010): Data refer to population aged 20 to 74. Country: Canada Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992. Country: Canada Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1997. Country: Canada Territorial change (1990 - 2010): Data cover 10 provinces only. Country: Denmark Data covers persons who have been active in the category. Data refer to the population aged 16-74. 1990: data refer to 1987. 2009: data refer to 2008-2009. Country: Estonia Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999-2000. Country: Estonia Reference period (2010): Data refer to 2009-2010. Country: France 2000: data refer to 1998-1999. 2010: data refer to 2009-2010. Data cover only Metropolitan France. Country: Germany Change in definition (2001): Data refer to the population aged 20-74. Country: Germany Reference period (2001): Data refer to the period from April 2001 to March 2002 Country: Greece Computing is not included in hobbies and games. Participatory activities are not included in volunteer work and help. Other activites - include participatory activities, entertainment and culture, resting - time out, computing, radio and recordings. All persons are included. Country: Hungary 2000: data refer to 1999-2000. 2010: data refer to 2009-2010. Country: Italy 2002: data refer to 2002-2003; 2008: data refer to 2008-2009; 2014: data refer to 2013-2014. Data refer to population aged 20-74. For all years activities are coded according to the last Harmonized European Time Use Survey Guidelines (HETUS 2008). Country: Kazakhstan Additional information (2003): The structure of time use within 7 days (man / hours per week). Data refer to the age group 16 years and older. Country: Kazakhstan Additional information (2006): The structure of time use within 7 days (man / hours per week). Data refer to the age group 18 years and older. Country: Kazakhstan Additional information (2012): The structure of time use within 7 days (man / hours per week). Data refer to the age group 10 years and older. Country: Luxembourg Data refer to the population aged 10-74. `TV and video` category includes listening radio and music. `Hobbies and games` include culture, entertainments and excursions. `Other activities` refer to `to do nothing`. Country: Netherlands Break in methodlogy (2006): Data is collected according to the Harmonised European Time Use Survey (HETUS) replacing the original Dutch Time Use Survey. Country: Norway 2010: data refer to 2010-2011. Country: Poland 2004: data refer to 2003-2004. 2013: ''Hobbies and games'' includes also computing and Internet (not measured in 2003/2004 survey). Country: Romania Reference period (2000): Data refer to August and September 2000. Country: Romania Reference period (2011 - 2012): Statistical survey on time use (TUS), carried out in households during september 2011 - september 2012 Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. 2010 data refer to 2010-2011. Country: Spain 2003: data refer to 2002-2003. Country: Sweden Change in definition (2000 - 2010): Data refer to the population aged 20-64. Country: Sweden Reference period (2010): Data refer to April 2010-March 2011 Country: Switzerland 1995: data refer to 1997. Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Reference period (2014): Time Use Survey was carried out over a period of 12 months, from May 2014 until April 2015. Country: Turkey For 2006 the data refer to persons aged 15+. For 2015 the data refer to persons aged 10+.

Definition:Time use represents the average time spent (hours and minutes) on an activity per day. All days of the week, as well as working and holiday periods are included. Data refer to employed, unemployed and economically inactive people aged 20-74. Gainful work: includes time spent on main and second jobs (including informal employment) and related activities, breaks and travel during working hours, and on job seeking. Study: includes time spent on study at school and during free time. Domestic work includes housework, child and adult care, gardening and pet care, construction and repairs, shopping and services, and household management. Travel includes commuting and trips connected with all kinds of activities, except travel during working hours. Sleep includes sleep during night or daytime, waiting for sleep, naps, as well as passive lying in bed because of sickness. Meals includes meals, snacks and drinks. Personal care includes dressing, personal hygiene, making up, shaving, sexual activities and personal health care. Free time includes all other kinds of activities, e.g, volunteer work and meetings, helping other households, socializing and entertainment, sports and outdoor activities, hobbies and games, reading, watching TV, resting or doing nothing. General note: Data are reported in number of hours, where decimals represent hundredths of an hour (e.g, 1.75 should be read 1 hour and 45 minutes; 0.20 should be read 12 minutes). .. - data not available Country: Armenia Data refer to October 2008 and to the population aged 15-80. Country: Austria Change in definition (2008): Gainful work includes travelling during work-time. Country: Bulgaria Reference period (2002): Data refer to 2001-2002. Country: Bulgaria Reference period (2010): Data refer to 2009-2010. Country: Canada Change in definition (1990 - 2010): Data refer to population aged 20 to 74. Country: Canada Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992. Country: Canada Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1997. Country: Canada Territorial change (1990 - 2010): Data cover 10 provinces only. Country: Denmark Data refer to the population aged 16-74. 1990: data refer to 1987. 2009: data refer to 2008-2009. Country: Estonia Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999-2000. Country: Estonia Reference period (2010): Data refer to 2009-2010. Country: France 2000: data refer to 1998-1999. 2010: data refer to 2009-2010. Data cover only Metropolitan France. Country: Germany Change in definition (2001): Data refer to the population aged 20-74. Country: Germany Reference period (2001): Data refer to April 2001 - March 2002. Country: Hungary 2000: data refer to 1999-2000. 2010: data refer to 2009-2010. Country: Italy 2002: data refer to 2002-2003; 2008: data refer to 2008-2009; 2014: data refer to 2013-2014. Data refer to population aged 20-74. For all years activities are coded according to the last Harmonized European Time Use Survey Guidelines (HETUS 2008). Country: Kazakhstan Additional information (2003): The structure of time use within 7 days (man / hours per week). Data refer to the age group 16 years and older. Country: Kazakhstan Additional information (2006): The structure of time use within 7 days (man / hours per week). Data refer to the age group 18 years and older. Country: Kazakhstan Additional information (2012): The structure of time use within 7 days (man / hours per week). Data refer to the age group 10 years and older. Country: Luxembourg Data refer to the population aged 10-74. Country: Moldova, Republic of Reference period (2012): Time Use Survey. Conducted during the period 1 June 2011 to 31 May 2012. Country: Moldova, Republic of Territorial change (2012): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Netherlands Break in methodlogy (2006): Data is collected according to the Harmonised European Time Use Survey (HETUS) replacing the original Dutch Time Use Survey. Country: Netherlands Break in methodlogy (2011): Data is collected according to the Harmonised European Time Use Survey (HETUS) Country: Norway 2010: data refer to 2010-2011. Country: Poland 2004: data refer to 2003-2004. Country: Romania Reference period (2000): Data refer to August and September 2000. Country: Romania Reference period (2011 - 2012): Statistical survey on time use (TUS), carried out in households during september 2011 - september 2012 Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. 2010 data refer to 2010-2011. Country: Slovenia Reference period (2001): Data refer to the March 2000 - February 2001. Country: Spain 2003: data refer to 2002-2003. Country: Sweden Change in definition (1990 - 2010): Data refer to the population aged 20-64. Country: Sweden Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1990-1991. Data cover 9 months (September to May). Country: Sweden Reference period (2000): Data refer to 2000-2001 Country: Sweden Reference period (2010): Data referes to April 2010-March 2011 Country: Switzerland Change in definition (1995 - 2013): Gainful work doesn& 39;t include job seeking. Country: Switzerland Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1997. Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Reference period (2014): Time Use Survey was carried out over a period of 12 months, from May 2014 until April 2015. Country: Turkey For 2006 the data refer to persons aged 15+. For 2015 the data refer to persons aged 20-74.

Definition:Time use of employed persons represents the average time spent (hours and minutes) on an activity per day by people currently in employment. All employed persons are included, whether they have been working at the time of the survey or on leave. All days of the week, as well as working and holiday periods are included. Data refer to people aged 20-74. Gainful work: includes time spent on main and second jobs (including informal employment) and related activities, breaks and travel during working hours, and on job seeking. Study: includes time spent on study at school and during free time. Domestic work includes housework, child and adult care, gardening and pet care, construction and repairs, shopping and services, and household management. Travel includes commuting and trips connected with all kinds of activities, except travel during working hours. Sleep includes sleep during night or daytime, waiting for sleep, naps, as well as passive lying in bed because of sickness. Meals includes meals, snacks and drinks. Personal care includes dressing, personal hygiene, making up, shaving, sexual activities and personal health care. Free time includes all other kinds of activities, e.g, volunteer work and meetings, helping other households, socializing and entertainment, sports and outdoor activities, hobbies and games, reading, watching TV, resting or doing nothing. General note: Data are reported in number of hours, where decimals represent hundredths of an hour (e.g, 1.75 should be read 1 hour and 45 minutes; 0.20 should be read 12 minutes). .. - data not available Country: Armenia Data refer to October 2008 and to the population aged 15-80. Country: Austria Change in definition (2008): Gainful work includes travelling during work-time. Country: Belarus Change in definition (1980, 1990, 2004): Data refer to employed persons aged 16+ in towns and urban-type settlements. Data for this period refer to time use for one month of the year. From 2015, data refer to time use over 12 months of the year. Country: Bulgaria Reference period (2002): Data refer to 2001-2002. Country: Bulgaria Reference period (2010): Data refer to 2009-2010. Country: Canada Change in definition (1990 - 2010): Data refer to population aged 20 to 74. Country: Canada Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992. Country: Canada Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1997. Country: Canada Territorial change (1990 - 2010): Data cover 10 provinces only. Country: Denmark Data refer to the population aged 16-74. 1990: data refer to 1987. 2009: Figures from 2008-2009. Break in series from 2009 as transport is now included in travel and categories comply with definition, whereas earlier years had fewer categories included in domestic work. Country: Estonia Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999-2000. Country: Estonia Reference period (2010): Data refer to 2009-2010. Country: France 2000: data refer to 1998-1999. 2010: data refer to 2009-2010. Data cover only Metropolitan France. Country: Hungary 2000: data refer to 1999-2000. 2010: data refer to 2009-2010. Country: Italy 2002: data refer to 2002-2003; 2008: data refer to 2008-2009; 2014: data refer to 2013-2014. Data refer to population aged 20-74. For all years activities are coded according to the last Harmonized European Time Use Survey Guidelines (HETUS 2008). Country: Luxembourg Employed persons are those having a job or having a job but temporarily absent. `Other activities` refer to doing nothing. Country: Moldova, Republic of Reference period (2012): Time Use Survey. Conducted during the period 1 June 2011 to 31 May 2012. Country: Moldova, Republic of Territorial change (2012): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Netherlands Break in methodlogy (2006): Data is collected according to the Harmonised European Time Use Survey (HETUS) replacing the original Dutch Time Use Survey. Country: Netherlands Break in methodlogy (2011): Data is collected according to the Harmonised European Time Use Survey (HETUS) Country: Norway 2010: data refer to 2010-2011. Country: Poland 2004: data refer to 2003-2004. Country: Romania Reference period (2000): Data refer to August and September 2000. Country: Romania Reference period (2012): Statistical survey on time use (TUS), carried out in households during september 2011 - september 2012 Country: Serbia Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. 2010 data refer to 2010-2011. Country: Spain 2003: data refer to 2002-2003. Country: Sweden Reference period (2000): Data refer to 2000-2001. Country: Sweden Reference period (2010): Data refer to April 2010-March 2011 Country: Switzerland Change in definition (1995 - 2013): Gainful work doesn& 39;t include job seeking. Country: Switzerland Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1997. Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Reference period (2014): Time Use Survey was carried out over a period of 12 months, from May 2014 until April 2015. Country: Turkey For 2006 the data refer to persons aged 15+. For 2015 the data refer to persons aged 20-74.