United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definitions: Victimes of crime are persons who, individually or collectively, have suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of their fundamental rights, through acts or omissions that are in violation of criminal laws within countries, including those laws proscribing criminal abuse of power. A person may be considered a victim regardless of whether the perpetrator is identified, apprehended, prosecuted or convicted and regardless of the familial relationship between the perpetrator and the victim. The term ''victim'' also includes, where appropriate, the immediate family or dependants of the direct victim and persons who have suffered harm in intervening to assist victims in distress or to prevent victimization. A serious assault is an injury whereby life could be endangered, including cases of injury involving the use of dangerous instrument. Cases where instruments are used only to threaten are excluded. A homicide is intentional or unintentional killing. Intentional homicide is a death deliberately inflicted on a person by another person, including infanticide. Non-intentional homicide is a death not deliberately inflicted on a person by another person. That includes crime of manslaughter but excludes traffic accidents that result in a death of persons. The distinction between intentional and unintentional homicide differs from country to country, as does the definition of attempted murder. Robbery is the theft of property from a person, overcoming resistance by force or threat of force. Sexual assault comprise rapes, attempted rapes and indecent and sexual assaults (offensive behaviour excluded). General note: Data come from administrative data sources unless otherwise specified.In general, the number of victims of crime are as reported by the police, i.e. crimes that are reported to, detected by, or otherwise drawn to the attention of the police. .. - data not available Country: Belarus Data refer to reported crimes Country: Bulgaria Reference period (2000): Data do not cover whole year. Country: Canada 1995/2000 – break in series: change in methodology (change in territorial coverage). Homicide includes Criminal Code offences of murder, manslaughter and infanticide. Serious assault includes assault, assault with a weapon or bodily harm assault and aggravated assaults. Robbery includes robbery and robbery to steal a firearm. Sexual assault includes sexual assault, sexual assault with a weapon or bodily harm and sexual assault aggravated. Country: Croatia Attempted murders are not included under Homicides. Country: Cyprus Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus. 2003: break in series, change in data recording process. Country: Czechia Change in definition (2009 - 2012): Data for Victims of sexual assault refer to Sexual abuse and Rape. Country: Denmark Additional information (2010 onwards): Victims of reported crimes Country: Denmark Change in definition (2010 onwards): Victims of homicide: Do not include unintentional homicide Change in definition (2001 onwards): Victims of serious assault: Include attempted homicide. Do not include violence against public authority Change in definition (2001 onwards):Victims of robbery: Include robberies against people in own house and people in the street. Do not include robberies against banks, shops etc. Country: Estonia Break in methodlogy (1990): Change in laws and methodology. Country: Finland Change in definition (1980 - 2010): Robbery and serious assault : data refer to crimes, not victims. Sexual assault: data refer to crimes, not victims. Country: Finland Data includes intentional homicides only. Country: France Change in definition (2000 - 2013): Data include DOM-TOM. From 2015 data are restricted to metropolitan France. Also for 2015 homicides include suicides (149 persons). Data by gender does not sum up to the total for both sex because the sex of some victims is unknown. Country: Georgia Additional information (2012 - 2014): There are some cases where the gender is not known Country: Georgia Territorial change (2005 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region. Country: Germany Break in methodology (2009): Transition to delivery of individual PCS data sets and introduction of a six-digit key number system at national level Country: Ireland Additional information (2003 - 2012): Covers all Garda stations in the Republic of Ireland. Country: Ireland Break in methodlogy (2003): The Irish Crime Classification System (ICCS) replaced the previous breakdown of crime into headline/non-headline. Figures based on ICCS are provided since 2003. Country: Israel Numbers of victims are based on causes of death files. No data on the type of crime. Country: Italy Break in methodlogy (1990): change in classification Country: Italy Break in methodlogy (2004): change in collection procedures and sources. Country: Italy Change in definition (1980): infanticide is not included Country: Kyrgyzstan Additional information (1990 - onwards): Data refer to reported crimes (cases). Country: Moldova, Republic of Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Netherlands Data have not been updated and may not correspond with data on victims of homicide by relationship of perpetrator to victim. Country: Norway 1980, 1990, 1995: calculation is based on convictions for crimes. 2000: calculation is based on total convictions (both crimes and misdemeanours) Country: Serbia Data exclude territory of Kosovo and Metohija. Country: Slovakia Change in definition (1990 onwards): Homicides: only intentional killing included. Country: Spain For 2012-2013, the total for both sexes is not the sum of male and female because some victims have unknown sex. Due to reform of the penal code in 2015, there are changes in the categorization of crimes and data going forward may not be comparable with data from previous years. Country: Spain Territorial change (2009 - 2013): Data exclude Cataluna police region. Country: Sweden Data refer to number of crimes reported to the police or the public prosecutor. Data on victims of homicides includes completed murder, voluntary and involuntary manslaughter, infanticide and assault leading to death. Figures are taken from the elaborated homicide data, whereby police reported homicides that after investigation or court procedure turn out not being homicides have been excluded. Country: Switzerland Break in methodlogy (2009): Break in series: change in survey. Country: Switzerland Change in definition (1980 - onwards): Homicide excludes attempts. Cases with unknown sexes are excluded. Country: Turkey Change in definition (2008): Because of administrative recording problem, 2008 robbery figures cover number of crimes not victims. There is no gender breakdown for that year. There is a difference in the crime classification between 2007 and 2008.Before 2007, only the crimes which were devolved to the justice were included. Starting from 2007 all crimes reported to the police have been counted. In 2014, traffic accidents were included. Country: Ukraine From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control. Country: United Kingdom Break in methodlogy (2000): Change in coverage Country: United Kingdom Break in methodlogy (2003): Change in data recording Country: United Kingdom Change in definition (2008 - onwards): Serious assaults- change in definition. Country: United Kingdom Reference period (2000 - onwards): Data refer to financial year Country: United Kingdom Territorial change (1980 - onwards): Data refer to England and Wales.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources Definition: A homicide is intentional or unintentional killing. Intentional homicide is a death deliberately inflicted on a person by another person, including infanticide.Non-intentional homicide is a death not deliberately inflicted on a person by another person. That includes crime of manslaughter but excludes traffic accidents that result in a death of persons. The distinction between intentional and unintentional homicide differs from country to country, as does the definition of attempted murder. General note: Reference period - selected day of the year. .. - data not availableCountry: AustriaChange in definition (2002 - 2012): 1.1: Victims of homicide killed by a family member living in the same household 1.2: Vicitms of homicide killed by a family member not living in the same householdCountry: BelarusBreak in methodlogy (2011): From 1995 to 2010 data are based on reported crimes. From 2011 data refer to completed investigation of criminal cases.Country: BulgariaReference period (2000): Data do not cover whole year.Country: CanadaDifferences in totals and the sum of subtotals (by relashionships and/or gender) can be observed because the totals also include victims where the gender of the victim was reported as unknown and where the perpertrator and victim's relationships is unknown. A spouse refers to husband/wife (legally married), common-law husband/wife, and same sex spouse (legal or common-law). An ex-spouse refers to opposite sex separated/divorced spouse, opposite sex separated common-law spouse and ex-same-sex spouse (separated or divorced)Country: CroatiaAttempted murders are not included under Homicides.Country: CyprusData cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus. 2008: data include victims of aiplane accidents.Country: DenmarkChange in definition (2010 onwards): Data do not include non-intentional homicide.Country: EstoniaBreak in methodlogy (1990 - 1995): Change in laws and methodology.Country: FinlandChange in definition (2003 - 2011): Data include homicides commited by Finnish residents against Finnish residents. All years: Data include only intentional homicides.Country: GeorgiaTerritorial change (2005 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region.Country: GeorgiaAdditional information (2012 - 2014): There are some cases where the gender is not knownCountry: GermanyBreak in methodology (2009): Transition to delivery of individual PCS data sets and introduction of a six-digit key number system at national levelCountry: GermanyFigures include data on completed acts of murder (sect. 211 Penal Code (PC)), manslaughter (sect. 212 PC), less serious case of manslaughter (sect. 213 PC), killing a person at their own request (sect. 216 PC), bodily injuries resulting in death (sects. 227, 231 PC) and homicide by negligence (sect. 222 PC), but exclude a. o. sexual coercion attended by death (sect. 178 PC) and robbery resulting in death (sect. 251 PC); (PCS keys 010000, 020000, 221000, 030000).Country: GermanySpouse refers to spouse/marriage partner, registered partnership, non-marital life partnership; Another relative refers to a family member or other relative; Another person refers to a former partner, informal and formal social relationship, no relationship, unclarified/unknown; Ex-spouse refers to a former partnership (ex-spouse, former partner of a non-marital life partnership, former partner of a registered partnership); Friend or any other acquaintance refers to an informal and formal social relationship (acquaintance, casual previous relation); Perpetrator unknown/stranger refers to no relationship, unclarified/unknown.Country: IsraelNumbers of victims are based on causes of death files.Country: ItalyData refer to intentional homicides.Country: NetherlandsBreak in methodlogy (2000): Starting from 1996 and onwards, data are collected through the cause of death registration. Include also manslaughter, justifiable homicide in self-defence and death due to armed conflict.Country: NetherlandsChange in definition (2000 - 2005): Data on "perpetrator unknown" includes also "unknown if perpetrator is known".Country: SerbiaData exclude territory of Kosovo and Metohija.Country: SlovakiaChange in definition (1990 onwards): Only intentional killing included.Country: SpainFor 2012-2013 the total for both sexes is not the sum of male and female because some victims have unknown sex.Country: SpainTerritorial change (2009 - 2013): Data exclude Cataluna police region. From 2014 totals include Cataluna police region, but subtotals do not.Country: SwedenData on victims of homicides includes completed murder, voluntary and involuntary manslaughter, infanticide and assault leading to death. Figures are taken from the elaborated homicide data, whereby police reported homicides that after investigation or court procedure turn out not being homicides have been excluded.Country: SwitzerlandBreak in methodlogy (2009): Break in series, revision of crime statistics.Country: SwitzerlandChange in definition (2000 - onwards): Data exclude cases with unknown sexes. Homicide: does not include attempted murderCountry: TurkeyAdditional information (1995 - 2013): Data cover intentional and non-intentional homicide as defined.Country: UkraineFrom 2014 data cover the territories under the government control.Country: United KingdomChange in definition (2000 - onwards): Data for spouse also include ex-spouse and partner/ex-partner.Country: United KingdomReference period (2000 - onwards): Data refer to financial year (from 1April to 31 March)Country: United KingdomTerritorial change (2000 - onwards): Data refer to England and Wales.