National Institute of Statistics, Italy

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Gross contractual wages, length of work contract and yearly wages and salaries on an accrual basis: Statistics from this survey are based on concept of labour price. For each nation-wide collective agreement, the number of employees and their composition by specific wage level (combined with indications for seniority, skill, estimation about shift work) are fixed at a base year and remain constant until the renewal of base has been done. Employees exclude apprentices and managers. The base used now is December 2010=100 Moreover, these indicators are not influenced by changes due to overtime, worked hours or not worked for strikes or worker's illness. Istat produces two type of statistics on wages according to collective agreements: monthly index (IRC) and annual figures (RCA). Both indicators include basic pay, seniority and shift work allowance, all bonuses specified in national agreements and payable to all workers as well as those paid periodically (e.g. the 13th month). Bonuses related to individual performance or individual working conditions, supplementary payment agreed at the company or local level are not included. Monthly index excludes also bonuses-arrears and una tantum paid in late, but these two items are included in the annual wage figures (retribuzione annua di competenza o di cassa). Wages include tax and social security contributions paid by employees. The monthly index is calculated dividing by 12 the annual figures for each group of qualifications in the collective agreement. It shows the evolution of full-time employees' wages according to collective agreement and to law in force. General index is calculated each month as the average of the increase sets in each collective agreement signed in the national territory. The figures are derived from a selection of the most relevant nation-wide collective bargaining agreements on wages between labour unions and employers' associations. Every month the press release "Contratti collettivi e retribuzioni contrattuali" publishes two wage indices in national labour agreements: per capita and per hour. Per capita index measures the change in the collectively agreed annual wages compared to the base year. Hourly index measures the change of the wages per unit of time (annual earnings divided by the total number of working hours in the year). Annual figures are in terms of accrual or cash values. The first one (retribuzione contrattuale annua di competenza) is the annual wage amount that employees would earn each year if the National Collective Agreement came in force on time. This remuneration assigns backdated una tantum and arrears payments to the theoretical relative month. The second one (retribuzione contrattuale annua di cassa) is the sum of wages that employees have actually received every month. Accrual values are revised if the renewed collective agreement settles the payment of una tantum and/or arrears for the period in which the collective agreement is expired and the new isn't still signed.

Data source(s) used: Annual register on earnings, working hours and labour cost for persons and enterprises RACLI is the Register with information on employment, wages, labor costs and hours for each employee job (a person might have one or more jobs, with the same or different employer, at the same time or not) and related employer (LEED structure employer-employee Database) in the private non-agricultural sector. It is consistent with the Employment and Business Register (ASIA Occupazione e Imprese) and the Business Local Unit (ASIA UL).From the beginning the production of the RACLI register started separately but in a coordinated way with the employment information system (the so-called DB-Employment) at the single job position level, whose experimentation started during the Census of Industry and Services 2011 thanks to the timely availability of new LEED administrative sources and in particular of the new National Social Security Institution (INPS) declaration, the UniEmens. The main basic statistical input for the production of the RACLI register is the DB-Employment, based on the integration of various administrative sources of the INPS Social Security Institute and not only, among which for the employees a fundamental role is played by the UniEmens archive, in addition to those relating to employees of the entertainment sector (Enpals flowed into the UniEmens since 2015), agriculture (DMAG) and the archieve related to workers with the INPS short-time work benefits.The role of RACLI is mainly to extend, for the employee job sub-population, the information on gross wages, labor costs and hours paid by integrating information from the UniEmens, other than the information related to employment, but also merging other administrative and statistical sources, including data from the 770 / CU tax model and survey data, in particular the four-yearly ‘Structure of Earnings Survey’ (SES), the quarterly survey on ‘Job vacancies and hours worked’ (Vela) and the ‘Monthly survey on employment, working time, earnings and labour cost in large enterprises’ (GI).The main statistical units of the RACLI register is the employee job position defined as the work relationship established between an economic unit and an individual and defined by a starting date.The RACLI register produces annual information on wages and hours paid with a high level of detail with regard to the characteristics of the job position (working time, duration of the contract, contract position, etc.), of the individual (gender, age, country of birth, level of education through the integration with the Population Register) and of the economic unit (economic activity code, size class, local units, etc .. thanks to integration with the ‘Statistical Business Register’ ASIA). The variable total labor cost, at the moment, is produced only at company level, integrating for this purpose also the information from the quarterly survey ‘Employment, earnings and social security contributions’ (OROS) but advanced study are on progress for the estimation of the other labour costs at job level.The first release of RACLI Register was on the 30 December 2016 related to data of the reference year 2014 (Istat, 2016) but it auxiliary information has been widely used since 2012 for a lot of different statistical purposes.

Data source(s) used: : INPSInstitute administrative archive

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Contributions to GDP growth:The lack of additivity of volume measures also impacts on the calculation of contributions to GDP growth. The technique adopted by ISTAT to compute contributions to growth is based on the series evaluated at PYP. Given the additivity property of such series, for quarters 2 to 4, the quarter-on-quarter contribution to GDP growth of a component X in quarter t is given by:ContCX(t) = [XPYP(t) – XPYP(t-1)] / GDPPYP(t-1),where XPYP and GDPPYP are the component X and the GDP, respectively, evaluated at previous year prices. The last expression is not correct for the first quarter of the year as it is evaluated at prices of year T-1 while the previous quarter (the fourth quarter of T-1) is evaluated at prices of year T-2. The correct expression is given byContCX(t) = [XPYP(t) – XPYP(t-1) • [XDef(T-1)/ XDef (T-2]] / GDPPYP(t-1) • [GDPDef(T-1)/GDPDef(T-2)] where XDef and GDPDef are the annual deflators of the component X and of GDP, respectively.Analogously, the contribution of the component X to the year-on-year GDP growth is given by:ContTX(t) = [XPYP(t) – XPYP(t-4) • [XDef(T-1)/XDef(T-2)]] / GDPPYP(t-4) • [GDPDef(T-1)/ GDPDef(T-2)].

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Labour input: the main definitions on labour inputs (ESA95) concern persons employed, jobs and full time equivalent. In the system of national accounts, these concepts are defined on the base of economic territory and centre of interest. Labour inputs have to be classified on the base of the economic activity unit at local level and of the institutional unit. The Italian approach to the labour inputs estimates allows to calculate the jobs and the corresponding full time equivalent, that represent the transformation to full-time of jobs for different working categories (registered, unregistered, main, multiple) detectable by integrating and comparing different statistical sources or by using indirect estimating methods.

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Labour input: the main definitions on labour inputs (ESA95) concern persons employed, jobs and full time equivalent. In the system of national accounts, these concepts are defined on the base of economic territory and centre of interest. Labour inputs have to be classified on the base of the economic activity unit at local level and of the institutional unit. The Italian approach to the labour inputs estimates allows to calculate the jobs and the corresponding full time equivalent, that represent the transformation to full-time of jobs for different working categories (registered, unregistered, main, multiple) detectable by integrating and comparing different statistical sources or by using indirect estimating methods.

Data source(s) used: The 3th October 2014 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the new European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy based on the new manual BPM6).Labour input: the main definitions on labour inputs (ESA2010) concern persons employed, jobs and full time equivalent. In the system of national accounts, these concepts are defined on the base of economic territory and centre of interest. Labour inputs have to be classified on the base of the economic activity unit at local level and of the institutional unit. The Italian approach to the labour inputs estimates allows to calculate the jobs and the corresponding full time equivalent, that represent the transformation to full-time of jobs for different working categories (registered, unregistered, main, multiple) detectable by integrating and comparing different statistical sources or by using indirect estimating methods.Population:According to national accounts, the total population on a given date consists of national or foreign persons settled permanently in the economic territory of Italy, even if they are temporarily absent from it. A person who is staying, or intends to stay, on the economic territory of the country for one year or more is regarded as permanently settled there. A person is regarded as being temporarily absent if he or she is permanently settled in the country but is staying, or intends to stay, abroad for a period of less than one year. An annual average of head counts provides an appropriate basis for international comparisons and it is used as denominator of per capita values of important aggregates as GDP, gross national income, final consumption expenditure of households.For the years 2002- 2013, the average annual population used in national accounts is not the legal population but it has been obtained by a statistical reconstruction (“Ricostruzione statistica delle serie regionali di popolazione del periodo 1/1/2002 – 1/1/2014” http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/145206) disseminated on January 2015 and used as a reference for the main macroeconomic aggregates and indicators. The statistical reconstruction of population by regions was carried out in order to avoid the effects of changes in the population count mainly due to administrative purposes and that produce an adjustment of the population register after the Census. In particular, the revision of the population register after the 2011 Census of Population was due to the re-registration in 2012 of persons cancelled from the register according to the census results and to the recovery in 2013 of persons actually resident in the municipality but not surveyed by the population census; these phenomena caused a sudden increase of the legal population after the census year.From 1 January 2014 onwards, data have been aligned to the results of the following demographic surveys: "Surveys on the movement and calculation of the resident population" and "Surveys on the age structure of the resident population".

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Since being introduced at the beginning of the 1950s, the survey has played a primary role in the statistical documentation and analysis of the employment situation in Italy and has proven to be an indispensable instrument of knowledge for public decision-makers, the media and citizens alike. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source (s) used: Labor force survey: from the labor force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labor supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area , hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labor market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals, as well as a far-reaching reorganization of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd March 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Final Consumption Expenditure of Households, Annual, Italy Data source (s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (eg the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy). It consists of the expenditure, including expenditure whose value must be estimated indirectly, incurred by resident households on individual consumption goods and services, including those sold at prices that are not economically significant and including consumption goods and services acquired abroad.

Data source(s) used: Consumer price index for blue and white-collar worker households: It refers to consumption of households whose reference person is an employee. It is used to updated periodically monetary values. Other data characteristics: In regard to provincial data, in some months and for some provincial capitals, the index can be not calculated due to the interruption of survey operations or the non abidance of the rules and the quality standards established by IstatSuch situation are marked with flag g

Data source(s) used: Consumer price index for blue and white-collar worker households: It refers to consumption of households whose reference person is an employee. It is used to updated periodically monetary values.

Data source(s) used: Starting from September 23 2019, the time series of national accounts, based on the new European System of Accounts (ESA 2010), have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources. The revision took place in coordination with other European countries. The previously diffused series are available in the sections “Quarterly accounts in the 2014 version” and “Quarterly accounts in the 2011 and 2005 versions” of this same site..Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Gross domestic product at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units.By deducting consumption of fixed capital from GDP, we obtain net domestic product at market prices (NDP).Output-based GDP: is the sum of the gross values added of all resident producers at basic prices, plus all taxes less subsidies on products.Income-based GDP: is compensation of employees, plus taxes less subsidies on production and imports, plus gross mixed income, plus gross operating surplus.

Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).GDP and expenditure components: It shows among the resources gross domestic product at market prices and imports; while the uses include final consumption, gross capital formation and exports.Production accounts: It shows the transactions relating to the production process proper. Its resources include output and taxes less subsidies on products, and its uses include intermediate consumption. The balance of this account is value added at an aggregate level, it can be used to obtain GDP.Generation of income account: It shows the destination of domestic product (NDP) to compensation of employees and indirect taxes less subsidies. It allows to calcolate the operating surplus that corresponds to the income which the units obtain from their own use of their production facilities.Allocation of primary income account: It shows how to arrive to net national income. It lists under resources: operating surplus, national compensation of employees, indirect taxes paid to the rest of the world, taxes less subsidies on production and imports, capital transfer receivable from the rest of the world.Secondary distribution of income account: It records the operations of redistribution performed by taxes, contributions, social benefits and other transfers with the Rest of the world. It allows to calcolate national disposable income.Use of disposable income account It shows the allocation of national disposable income between national final consumption expenditure and net national saving.Capital account: It records acquisitions less disposals of non-financial assets (mainly gross capital formation), measuring the change in net worth due to saving and capital transfers. The balance of this account is net lending or borrowing.International transactions account: It records all operations of distribution and redistribution occurring between residents and non residents. It allows to obtain net lending or borrowing towards the rest of the world.

Gross Domestic Product Supply Side, Annual, Italy Data source(s) used: The 3th October 2014 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the new European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy based on the new manual BPM6).Output-based GDP: is the sum of the gross values added of all resident producers at basic prices, plus taxes (including VAT, import taxes, taxes on products less subsidies on products).

Gross Domestic Product Supply Side, Quarterly, Italy Data source(s) used: The 19th October 2011 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the most updated versions of the classification of economic activities (Ateco 2007, the national version of Nace Rev. 2) and of products by activity (CPA 2008). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy).Output-based GDP: is the sum of the gross values added of all resident producers at basic prices, plus all taxes less subsidies on products.

Data source(s) used: Starting from September 23 2019, the time series of national accounts, based on the new European System of Accounts (ESA 2010), have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources. The revision took place in coordination with other European countries. The previously diffused series are available in the sections “Quarterly accounts in the 2014 version” and “Quarterly accounts in the 2011 and 2005 versions” of this same site.GDP and expenditure components: It shows among the resources gross domestic product at market prices and imports; while the uses include final consumption, gross capital formation and exports.Contributions to GDP growth:The lack of additivity of volume measures also impacts on the calculation of contributions to GDP growth. The technique adopted by ISTAT to compute contributions to growth is based on the series evaluated at PYP. Given the additivity property of such series, for quarters 2 to 4, the quarter-on-quarter contribution to GDP growth of a component X in quarter t is given by:ContCX(t) = [XPYP(t) – XPYP(t-1)] / GDPPYP(t-1),where XPYP and GDPPYP are the component X and the GDP, respectively, evaluated at previous year prices. The last expression is not correct for the first quarter of the year as it is evaluated at prices of year T-1 while the previous quarter (the fourth quarter of T-1) is evaluated at prices of year T-2. The correct expression is given byContCX(t) = [XPYP(t) – XPYP(t-1) • [XDef(T-1)/ XDef (T-2]] / GDPPYP(t-1) • [GDPDef(T-1)/GDPDef(T-2)] where XDef and GDPDef are the annual deflators of the component X and of GDP, respectively.Analogously, the contribution of the component X to the year-on-year GDP growth is given by:ContTX(t) = [XPYP(t) – XPYP(t-4) • [XDef(T-1)/XDef(T-2)]] / GDPPYP(t-4) • [GDPDef(T-1)/ GDPDef(T-2)].

Data source(s) used: The 3th October 2014 Istat released the new annual series of national accounts based on the new European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). At the same time, as in other European countries, the time series of national accounts have been subjected to an extraordinary revision, exploiting advances in methods and sources (e.g. the new balance of payments estimates issued by the Bank of Italy based on the new manual BPM6).Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Gross domestic product at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units.By deducting consumption of fixed capital from GDP, we obtain net domestic product at market prices (NDP).Output-based GDP: is the sum of the gross values added of all resident producers at basic prices, plus all taxes less subsidies on products.Expenditure-based GDP: is total final expenditures at purchasers'' prices (including the f.o.b. value of exports of goods and services), less the f.o.b value of imports of goods and services.Income-based GDP: is compensation of employees, plus taxes less subsidies on production and imports, plus gross mixed income, plus gross operating surplus.'

Data source(s) used: Harmonized index of consumer prices: Calculated according to the EU regulations in force, it is used for the comparison of inflation between European Member States.

Data source(s) used: Harmonized index of consumer prices at constant tax rates: The HICP-CT provides a measure of the teorical impact of changes of indirect taxes (e.g. VAT and excise duties) on the overall HICP inflation. It follows the same computation principles as the HICP.

Data source(s) used: Harmonized index of consumer prices: Calculated according to the EU regulations in force, it is used for the comparison of inflation between European Member States.

Data source(s) used: Harmonized index of consumer prices: Calculated according to the EU regulations in force, it is used for the comparison of inflation between European Member States.Consumer price index by population subgroups: The Consumer price indices by population subgroups are 'satellite' of the index of consumer prices (HICP): they are calculated using the same information base used for the HICP, the same basket and the same set of elementary indices of price, changing the structure of the weights used for their synthesis. The Consumer price indices by population subgroups have been calculated from January 2005, with reference base 2005=100 consistently with IPCA. In addition to the general index, are elaborated indexes of special aggregates. The dissemination of these indicators further expands the statistical information on the temporal dynamic of consumer prices, allowing an assessment of differential effects of inflation on specific subgroups identified on the basis of the level of total expenditure. Other data characteristics: The consumer price indices by population subgroups are “satellite” indices of the Harmonized index of consumer price (HICP): they are computed starting from the same basic information used for the HICP (i.e. the same basket of products and the same price elementary data) by modifying the system of weights used for their calculation.On 24 September 2012, HICP weight data set has been replaced cause, in the previous one, data were rounded using rounding rules not in keeping with those adopted for consumer price indices dissemination

Data source(s) used: Harmonized index of consumer prices at constant tax rates: The HICP-CT provides a measure of the teorical impact of changes of indirect taxes (e.g. VAT and excise duties) on the overall HICP inflation. It follows the same computation principles as the HICP.

Data source(s) used: Survey on educational and professional routes of upper secondary graduates: The survey explores the education and employment path of the upper secondary school graduates some years after graduation . It collects information on the type of studies conducted, on the occupational status, on the occupation performed, on income and job satisfaction. The survey is part of the survey-system on the study-to-work-transition, which also includes the survey on doctorate holders’ vocational integration and the one on university graduates’ vocational integration. Other data characteristics: In 2015, those who completed a high school diploma in 2011 were interviewed.

Data source(s) used: Survey on information and communication technology in enterprises: The survey covers the universe of enterprises with 10 or more persons employed active, according to the classification of economic activities adopted in Italy (Ateco 2002), in the areas of manufacturing (D), construction (F), wholesale and detail (G), hotels (H), transport, storage and communication (I), real estate activities, renting, research and development (K) and audiovisual (O). Since 2009, economic activities are those considered by the division 10 to 82 under the new Ateco 2007 (derived by Nace Rev. 2) classification (excluding the section K-Financial and insurance activities and division 75-veterinary services). Since 2010 is also considered the activity 951-repair of computers and communication equipment used for the calculation of the aggregate relating to the ICT sector. The object of the survey are the equipments of ICT enterprises and the measurement of e-commerce. The technique chosen is the investigation of a postal self-completion questionnaire on paper until 2005; since the year 2006 is also made available a web site for online completion of the questionnaire in pdf; since from 2009, the questionnaire is sent also in paper but only at the time of first reminder; since 2011 is no longer sent the paper questionnaire except upon the request of users and the compilation is done by filling in an electronic questionnaire. The sampling design used for the survey is stratified random type. Businesses universe were divided into homogeneous layers for level of economic activity, geographical area and number of employees. The estimation method used is based on the attribution to any undertaking by a factor, said final weight, which indicates how many are the exploits of population units represented by that respondent. The calculation of the final weights was performed using auxiliary variables as the number of firms and the number of employees, according to the information in the archive ASIA. The variables disseminated at regional level are only a subset of those available at the level of economic activity, number of persons employed and geographical area. Each year, the variables collected are defined at EU level and, apart from a few 'core' indicators 'core' that are annual or biannual, some topics are investigated each year with specific sections and they are not fully repeated in subsequent years. For this reason, some published indicators not have values in the subsequent years.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labour force survey: from the labour force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labour supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area, hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labour market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals,as well as a far-reaching reorganisation of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd march 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Labor force survey: from the labor force survey Istat derives its official estimates of the number of employed persons and job-seekers, as well as information about the main labor supply aggregates, such as occupation, economic activity area , hours worked, contract types and duration and training. Istat collects the information each quarter by interviewing a sample of nearly 77,000 households, representing 175,000 individuals who are resident in Italy, even if they are temporarily abroad. Households usually living abroad and permanent members of communities (religious institutes, military barracks, etc.) are not included. The survey has been updated over the years to take into account continual transformations in the labor market on the one hand, and the growing information requirements of users regarding the social and economic reality of our nation, on the other. The most recent change was undertaken at the beginning of in 2004 in line with European Union regulations. The current sample survey is continuous insofar as information is collected during every week of the year and no longer during a single week per quarter. The results are still disseminated on a quarterly basis, except for provincial data which are disseminated annually. A significant feature of the survey is the establishment of new criteria for identifying employed and unemployed individuals, as well as a far-reaching reorganization of the data collection and production process. To make new estimates comparable with estimates referring to previous years, Istat has reconstructed the time series since the fourth quarter of 1992. Data have been updated since 2nd March 2015 due to the statistical back-recalculation of population time series, based on Census results, disseminated the 14th January 2015. Monthly data were recalculated from January 2004 to December 2014; quarterly data from second quarter 2002 to third quarter 2014; annual data from year 2002 to 2013.

Data source(s) used: Community innovation survey: The Community Innovation Survey (CIS) was designed to complement the traditional indicators, such as R&D; expenditure and patent statistics, in the measurement of innovation. In particular, the CIS provides a sound statistical basis for better understanding the innovation process and its effects on the economy and for monitoring and evaluating the innovation policies of the Member States and the European Union. Since 2000 the CIS has become a major data source of the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS), an instrument developed at the initiative of the European Commission, under the Lisbon Strategy, to assess and compare the innovation performance of the EU Member States. The CIS provides the users with a number of indicators as well as data for analytical studies on several features of the innovation activity, such as product and process innovation, organisational and marketing innovation; innovation activities and expenditures; intellectual property rights, impact on turnover, and effects of innovation, sources of information, cooperation for innovation and the factors hampering innovation. It is conducted by EU Member States and candidate countries, plus Norway and Iceland under the co-ordination of Eurostat using a harmonised questionnaire and survey method which define the structure of the questions to be asked and the statistical methods to be used by the countries participating. The CIS 4 survey is based on Commission Regulation No 1450/2004, which establishes the legal basis for innovation statistics and makes it compulsory to deliver data on a number of basic variables. The methodological basis of the CIS is provided by the Oslo Manual, a joint publication by Eurostat and the OECD. The target population is represented by all the enterprises with at least 10 employees operating in manufacturing industries as well as in service sectors. A common set of methodology and a core questionnaire are defined and implemented in order to provide comparable, harmonised and representative data on a pan-European scale.Data here published refer to years 2010-2012, exept for innovation expenditure and turnover's shares from product innovations that are surveyed with reference of 2012. Other data characteristics: As a result of rounding the first decimal place, sometimes the sum of the percentages is not exactly equal to the total.

Data source(s) used: INPSArchives of INPS administrative complaints monthly salary (Emens):It provides information on social security taxable wages of employees, taxpayers INPS, limited to non-agricultural private sector and with the exclusion of domestic workers. The information concerns:• Average daily wages• Average annual wages and related Gini index• Amount of annual earnings deciles.

Data source(s) used: : INPSEmployers: Institute amministrative archive of monthly salary statements.Domestic workers: Institute amministrative archive;Agricultural workers: quarterly DMAG models

Data source(s) used: Monthly survey on employment, working time, earnings and labour cost in large enterprises:Data are collected monthly on enterprises with more than 500 employees covering sectors from B to N of Nace rev.2. Enterprises have been selected from Istat Business Register (Asia 2010); in 2010 large enterprises survey includes 1300 enterprises that represent 22.2 per cent of total employees in the register (16.5 per cent in industry and 26.7 per cent in services). The survey collects information on the number of employed persons, working hours, labour cost, salary and wages at the end of the month.Quarterly survey on job vacancies and hours worked:The survey, also referred to as VELA, measures quarterly job vacancies, stocks and flows of employment, hours worked and paid in enterprises with less than 500 employees in industry and services (sections B-S of Nace Rev. 2 classification, with the exception of O). Starting from the I quarter of 2016 the collected data include also managers. The data collection is carried out via a quarterly online survey available at https://imprese.istat.it. The survey is needed to comply with: EC Regulation n. 1165/98 on short-term statistics, and implementing and updating regulations; EC Regulation n. 450/2003 on the labour cost index, and implementing and updating regulations; and EC Regulation n. 453/2008 on quarterly job vacancy statistics, and implementing regulations.