Eritrea

The air accident data are provided to Eurostat by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). EASA as an Agency is responsible for providing common standards of safety and environmental protection in civil aviation in Europe and worldwide. It is the centrepiece of regulations creating a single European market in the aviation industry. The Agency’s responsibilities include aviation safety analysis and research for which it also collects statistics on European and worldwide aviation safety. The statistics are grouped according to type of operation, such as commercial air transport or general aviation, and aircraft category, such as aeroplanes, helicopters or gliders. The EASA manages and is responsible for the entire data collection. The selection of data made available to Eurostat does not differ from those available through the EASA (http://easa.europa.eu). In Eurobase, the following data are available: Air accident victims in commercial air transport, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaca); Air accident victims in aerial works, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaaw); Air accident victims in general aviation, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass above 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagah); Air accident victims in general aviation by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass under 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagal).

The air accident data are provided to Eurostat by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). EASA as an Agency is responsible for providing common standards of safety and environmental protection in civil aviation in Europe and worldwide. It is the centrepiece of regulations creating a single European market in the aviation industry. The Agency’s responsibilities include aviation safety analysis and research for which it also collects statistics on European and worldwide aviation safety. The statistics are grouped according to type of operation, such as commercial air transport or general aviation, and aircraft category, such as aeroplanes, helicopters or gliders. The EASA manages and is responsible for the entire data collection. The selection of data made available to Eurostat does not differ from those available through the EASA (http://easa.europa.eu). In Eurobase, the following data are available: Air accident victims in commercial air transport, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaca); Air accident victims in aerial works, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaaw); Air accident victims in general aviation, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass above 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagah); Air accident victims in general aviation by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass under 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagal).

The air accident data are provided to Eurostat by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). EASA as an Agency is responsible for providing common standards of safety and environmental protection in civil aviation in Europe and worldwide. It is the centrepiece of regulations creating a single European market in the aviation industry. The Agency’s responsibilities include aviation safety analysis and research for which it also collects statistics on European and worldwide aviation safety. The statistics are grouped according to type of operation, such as commercial air transport or general aviation, and aircraft category, such as aeroplanes, helicopters or gliders. The EASA manages and is responsible for the entire data collection. The selection of data made available to Eurostat does not differ from those available through the EASA (http://easa.europa.eu). In Eurobase, the following data are available: Air accident victims in commercial air transport, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaca); Air accident victims in aerial works, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaaw); Air accident victims in general aviation, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass above 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagah); Air accident victims in general aviation by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass under 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagal).

The air accident data are provided to Eurostat by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). EASA as an Agency is responsible for providing common standards of safety and environmental protection in civil aviation in Europe and worldwide. It is the centrepiece of regulations creating a single European market in the aviation industry. The Agency’s responsibilities include aviation safety analysis and research for which it also collects statistics on European and worldwide aviation safety. The statistics are grouped according to type of operation, such as commercial air transport or general aviation, and aircraft category, such as aeroplanes, helicopters or gliders. The EASA manages and is responsible for the entire data collection. The selection of data made available to Eurostat does not differ from those available through the EASA (http://easa.europa.eu). In Eurobase, the following data are available: Air accident victims in commercial air transport, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaca); Air accident victims in aerial works, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaaw); Air accident victims in general aviation, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass above 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagah); Air accident victims in general aviation by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass under 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagal).

The Air transport domain contains national and international intra and extra-EU data. This provides air transport data for passengers (in number of passengers) and for freight and mail (in 1 000 tonnes) as well as air traffic data by airports, airlines and aircraft. Data are transmitted to Eurostat by EU Member States, EFTA countries and some other reporting cuntries. Data are compiled following the provisions of the Regulation (EC) N°1358/2003, implementing Regulation N°437/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on statistical returns in respect of the carriage of passengers, freight and mail by air.  The air transport data are collected at airport level. As from 2003 reference year the data are provided according to the legal act (some countries were given derogation until 2005). Until 2002 partial information (passenger transport only) are available for some countries and airports. Airports handling less than 15 000 passenger units annually are excluded from the scope of the Regulation. Datasets A1 and B1 are provided on monthly basis, while dataset C1 can be provided either on monthly or annual basis. For some countries optional variable - total number of transfer passengers - is provided as well. The data are disseminated by Eurostat in on-line database in four sub-domains:Air Transport measurement - PassengersAir Transport measurement - Freight and mailAir Transport measurement - Traffic data by airports, aircraft and airlinesAir Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS). The two first domains contain several data collections:Overview of the air transport by country and airport,National air transport by country and airport,International intra-EU air transport by country and airport,International extra-EU air transport by country and airport,Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Passengers", data are broken down by passengers on board (arrivals, departures and total), passengers carried (arrivals, departures and total) and passenger commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). Additionally, the tables of collection "Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes" provide data on seats available (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Freight and mail", data are broken down by freight and mail on board (arrival, departures and total), freight and mail loaded/unloaded (loaded, unloaded and total) and all-freight and mail commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Traffic by airports, aircraft and airlines": - Data by type of aircraft are broken down by total passengers on board, total freight and mail on board in tonnes, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by type of airline are broken down by total passengers on board, total passengers carried, total freight and mail on board, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by airport are  broken down by total passengers carried, total transit passengers, total transfer passengers, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total commercial aircraft movements, total aircrafts movements. the data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. The sub-domain "Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS)", contains two tables:Air transport of passengers at regional levelAir transport of freight at regional level The tables present the evolution of the number of passengers carried (if not available passengers on board) and the volume of freight and mail loaded or unloaded (if not available freight and mail on board) to/from the NUTS regions (level 2, 1 and 0) since 1999. The data is presented at annual level. The air transport regional data have been calculated using data collected at the airport level in the frame of the regulatory data collection on air transport. More information can be found in Regional transport statistics metadata file. For more details on datasets, data validation and issemination refer also to  Reference Manual on Air Transport Statistics available in the Annex part of the metadata.

The Air transport domain contains national and international intra and extra-EU data. This provides air transport data for passengers (in number of passengers) and for freight and mail (in 1 000 tonnes) as well as air traffic data by airports, airlines and aircraft. Data are transmitted to Eurostat by EU Member States, EFTA countries and some other reporting cuntries. Data are compiled following the provisions of the Regulation (EC) N°1358/2003, implementing Regulation N°437/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on statistical returns in respect of the carriage of passengers, freight and mail by air.  The air transport data are collected at airport level. As from 2003 reference year the data are provided according to the legal act (some countries were given derogation until 2005). Until 2002 partial information (passenger transport only) are available for some countries and airports. Airports handling less than 15 000 passenger units annually are excluded from the scope of the Regulation. Datasets A1 and B1 are provided on monthly basis, while dataset C1 can be provided either on monthly or annual basis. For some countries optional variable - total number of transfer passengers - is provided as well. The data are disseminated by Eurostat in on-line database in four sub-domains:Air Transport measurement - PassengersAir Transport measurement - Freight and mailAir Transport measurement - Traffic data by airports, aircraft and airlinesAir Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS). The two first domains contain several data collections:Overview of the air transport by country and airport,National air transport by country and airport,International intra-EU air transport by country and airport,International extra-EU air transport by country and airport,Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Passengers", data are broken down by passengers on board (arrivals, departures and total), passengers carried (arrivals, departures and total) and passenger commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). Additionally, the tables of collection "Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes" provide data on seats available (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Freight and mail", data are broken down by freight and mail on board (arrival, departures and total), freight and mail loaded/unloaded (loaded, unloaded and total) and all-freight and mail commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Traffic by airports, aircraft and airlines": - Data by type of aircraft are broken down by total passengers on board, total freight and mail on board in tonnes, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by type of airline are broken down by total passengers on board, total passengers carried, total freight and mail on board, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by airport are  broken down by total passengers carried, total transit passengers, total transfer passengers, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total commercial aircraft movements, total aircrafts movements. the data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. The sub-domain "Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS)", contains two tables:Air transport of passengers at regional levelAir transport of freight at regional level The tables present the evolution of the number of passengers carried (if not available passengers on board) and the volume of freight and mail loaded or unloaded (if not available freight and mail on board) to/from the NUTS regions (level 2, 1 and 0) since 1999. The data is presented at annual level. The air transport regional data have been calculated using data collected at the airport level in the frame of the regulatory data collection on air transport. More information can be found in Regional transport statistics metadata file. For more details on datasets, data validation and issemination refer also to  Reference Manual on Air Transport Statistics available in the Annex part of the metadata.

This database includes annual, quarterly and monthly information on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions related to commercial passenger, freight, and general aviation flights, on both a territory and a residence basis, for 186 countries. These CO2 emissions are estimated by the OECD, based on a consistent methodology across countries. The main source used for the estimation of these CO2 emissions is a database compiled by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) with all commercial passenger and freight flights around the world.

The Air transport domain contains national and international intra and extra-EU data. This provides air transport data for passengers (in number of passengers) and for freight and mail (in tonnes) as well as air traffic data by airports, airlines and aircraft. Data are transmitted to Eurostat by the Member States of the European Union as well as by Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, FYROM and Montenegro. The air transport data have been calculated using data collected at airport level. The data are presented in four sub-domains:Air Transport measurement - PassengersAir Transport measurement - Freight and mailAir Transport measurement - Traffic data by airports, aircraft and airlinesAir Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS). The two first domains contain several data collections:Overview of the air transport by country and airport,National air transport by country and airport,International intra-EU air transport by country and airport,International extra-EU air transport by country and airport,Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Passengers", data are broken down by passengers on board (arrivals, departures and total), passengers carried (arrivals, departures and total) and passenger commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). Additionally, the tables of collection "Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes" provide data on seats available (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Freight and mail", data are broken down by freight and mail on board (arrival, departures and total), freight and mail loaded/unloaded (loaded, unloaded and total) and all-freight and mail commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Traffic by airports, aircraft and airlines": - Data by type of aircraft are broken down by total passengers on board, total freight and mail on board in tonnes, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by type of airline are broken down by total passengers on board, total passengers carried, total freight and mail on board, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by airport are  broken down by total passengers carried, total transit passengers, total transfer passengers, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total commercial aircraft movements, total aircrafts movements. The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. The sub-domain "Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS)", contains two tables:Air transport of passengers at regional levelAir transport of freight at regional level The tables present the evolution of the number of passengers carried (if not available passengers on board) and the volume of freight and mail loaded or unloaded (if not available freight and mail on board) to/from the NUTS regions (level 2, 1 and 0) since 1999. The data is presented at annual level. The air transport regional data have been calculated using data collected at the airport level in the frame of the regulatory data collection on air transport. More information can be found in Regional transport statistics metadata file.

The Questionnaire on Air Transport Statistics is aimed to collect aggregated annual data on the air transport sector for the following domains: I. Infrastructure (covering commercial airports only) (status at 31/12) II. Transport equipment (covering commercial aircrafts only) (status at 31/12) III. Enterprises, economic performance and employment (status at 31/12) IV. Accidents (annual data) - as from 2015 data on accidents are no longer collected by the questionnaire but are obtained from European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and disseminated under Air Transport Safety (tran_sf_avia) part of Eurobase Data are collected and disseminated at country level or at airport level for major European airports. The questionnaire is not supported by any legal acts and it is based on a gentlemen's agreement with the participating countries (Member States, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, FYROM and Montenegro). It is usually prefilled by Eurostat using its own sources as well as other ones (e.g. Airclaims or EASA) and sent to the countries for completion and validation. The completeness varies from country to country. Please note that information concerning data collected in the frame of the Air Transport Statistics Regulation can be found in the metadata documentation provided for this domain (Air Transport Measurement). The section on "Infrastructure" contains three tables: Number of main airports (with more than 150 000 passenger units per year) and other airports (between 15 000 and 150 000 passenger units per year) at country levelAirport infrastructures by type at airport levelAirport connections to other modes of transport at airport level. The section on "Transport Equipment" contains two tables: Commercial aircraft fleet by type of aircraft at country levelCommercial aircraft fleet by age of aircraft at country level The section on "Enterprises economic performance and employment" contains three tables: Number of aviation and airport enterprises at country levelEmployment in aviation and airport enterprises by gender at country levelEmployment in main airports by gender at airport level The section on "Accidents" (which contained two tables Number of injury accidents at country level and Number of fatalities in injury accidents at country level) has been removed from dissemination (in September 2015) and replaced by Air Transport Safety (tran_sf_avia) tables: Air accident victims in commercial air transport, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaca);Air accident victims in aerial works, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaaw);Air accident victims in general aviation, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass above 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagah);Air accident victims in general aviation by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass under 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagal). More information on air accident victims under the following link.

The Questionnaire on Air Transport Statistics is aimed to collect aggregated annual data on the air transport sector for the following domains: I. Infrastructure (covering commercial airports only) (status at 31/12) II. Transport equipment (covering commercial aircrafts only) (status at 31/12) III. Enterprises, economic performance and employment (status at 31/12) IV. Accidents (annual data) - as from 2015 data on accidents are no longer collected by the questionnaire but are obtained from European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and disseminated under Air Transport Safety (tran_sf_avia) part of Eurobase Data are collected and disseminated at country level or at airport level for major European airports. The questionnaire is not supported by any legal acts and it is based on a gentlemen's agreement with the participating countries (Member States, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, FYROM and Montenegro). It is usually prefilled by Eurostat using its own sources as well as other ones (e.g. Airclaims or EASA) and sent to the countries for completion and validation. The completeness varies from country to country. Please note that information concerning data collected in the frame of the Air Transport Statistics Regulation can be found in the metadata documentation provided for this domain (Air Transport Measurement). The section on "Infrastructure" contains three tables: Number of main airports (with more than 150 000 passenger units per year) and other airports (between 15 000 and 150 000 passenger units per year) at country levelAirport infrastructures by type at airport levelAirport connections to other modes of transport at airport level. The section on "Transport Equipment" contains two tables: Commercial aircraft fleet by type of aircraft at country levelCommercial aircraft fleet by age of aircraft at country level The section on "Enterprises economic performance and employment" contains three tables: Number of aviation and airport enterprises at country levelEmployment in aviation and airport enterprises by gender at country levelEmployment in main airports by gender at airport level The section on "Accidents" (which contained two tables Number of injury accidents at country level and Number of fatalities in injury accidents at country level) has been removed from dissemination (in September 2015) and replaced by Air Transport Safety (tran_sf_avia) tables: Air accident victims in commercial air transport, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaca);Air accident victims in aerial works, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaaw);Air accident victims in general aviation, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass above 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagah);Air accident victims in general aviation by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass under 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagal). More information on air accident victims under the following link.

The Questionnaire on Air Transport Statistics is aimed to collect aggregated annual data on the air transport sector for the following domains: I. Infrastructure (covering commercial airports only) (status at 31/12) II. Transport equipment (covering commercial aircrafts only) (status at 31/12) III. Enterprises, economic performance and employment (status at 31/12) IV. Accidents (annual data) - as from 2015 data on accidents are no longer collected by the questionnaire but are obtained from European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and disseminated under Air Transport Safety (tran_sf_avia) part of Eurobase Data are collected and disseminated at country level or at airport level for major European airports. The questionnaire is not supported by any legal acts and it is based on a gentlemen's agreement with the participating countries (Member States, Candidate Countries and EFTA countries). It is usually prefilled by Eurostat using its own sources as well as other ones (e.g. Airclaims or EASA) and sent to the countries for completion and validation. The completeness varies from country to country. Please note that information concerning data collected in the frame of the Air Transport Statistics Regulation can be found in the metadata documentation provided for this domain (Air Transport Measurement). The section on "Infrastructure" contains three tables: Number of main airports (with more than 150 000 passenger movements per year) and other airports with more than 15,000 passenger movements per year) at country levelAirport infrastructures by type at airport levelAirport connections to other modes of transport at airport level. The section on "Transport Equipment" contains two tables: Commercial aircraft fleet by type of aircraft at country levelCommercial aircraft fleet by age of aircraft at country level The section on "Enterprises economic performance and employment" contains three tables: Number of aviation and airport enterprises at country levelEmployment in aviation and airport enterprises by gender at country levelEmployment in main airports by gender at airport level The section on "Accidents" (which contained two tables Number of injury accidents at country level and Number of fatalities in injury accidents at country level) has been removed from dissemination (in September 2015) and replaced by Air Transport Safety (tran_sf_avia) tables: Air accident victims in commercial air transport, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaca);Air accident victims in aerial works, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaaw);Air accident victims in general aviation, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass above 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagah);Air accident victims in general aviation by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass under 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagal). More information on air accident victims under the following link.

The Air transport domain contains national and international intra and extra-EU data. This provides air transport data for passengers (in number of passengers) and for freight and mail (in 1 000 tonnes) as well as air traffic data by airports, airlines and aircraft. Data are transmitted to Eurostat by the Member States of the European Union as well as the Candidate Countries, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. The air transport data have been calculated using data collected at airport level. The data are presented in four sub-domains: Air Transport measurement - PassengersAir Transport measurement - Freight and mailAir Transport measurement - Traffic data by airports, aircraft and airlinesAir Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS). The two first domains contain several data collections: Overview of the air transport by country and airport,National air transport by country and airport,International intra-EU air transport by country and airport,International extra-EU air transport by country and airport,Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Passengers", data are broken down by passengers on board (arrivals, departures and total), passengers carried (arrivals, departures and total) and passenger commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). Additionally, the tables of collection "Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes" provide data on seats available (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Freight and mail", data are broken down by freight and mail on board (arrival, departures and total), freight and mail loaded/unloaded (loaded, unloaded and total) and all-freight and mail commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Traffic by airports, aircraft and airlines": - Data by type of aircraft are broken down by total passengers on board, total freight and mail on board in tonnes, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by type of airline are broken down by total passengers on board, total passengers carried, total freight and mail on board, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by airport are broken down by total passengers carried, total transit passengers, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total commercial aircraft movements, total aircraft movements. The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. The sub-domain "Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS)", contains two tables: Air transport of passengers at regional levelAir transport of freight at regional level The tables present the evolution of the number of passengers carried (if not available passengers on board) and the volume of freight and mail loaded or unloaded (if not available freight and mail on board) to/from the NUTS regions (level 2, 1 and 0) since 1999. The data is presented at annual level. The air transport regional data have been calculated using data collected at the airport level in the frame of the regulatory data collection on air transport. More information can be found in Regional transport statistics metadata file.

The Air transport domain contains national and international intra and extra-EU data. This provides air transport data for passengers (in number of passengers) and for freight and mail (in 1 000 tonnes) as well as air traffic data by airports, airlines and aircraft. Data are transmitted to Eurostat by the Member States of the European Union as well as the Candidate Countries, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. The air transport data have been calculated using data collected at airport level. The data are presented in four sub-domains: Air Transport measurement - PassengersAir Transport measurement - Freight and mailAir Transport measurement - Traffic data by airports, aircraft and airlinesAir Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS). The two first domains contain several data collections: Overview of the air transport by country and airport,National air transport by country and airport,International intra-EU air transport by country and airport,International extra-EU air transport by country and airport,Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Passengers", data are broken down by passengers on board (arrivals, departures and total), passengers carried (arrivals, departures and total) and passenger commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). Additionally, the tables of collection "Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes" provide data on seats available (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Freight and mail", data are broken down by freight and mail on board (arrival, departures and total), freight and mail loaded/unloaded (loaded, unloaded and total) and all-freight and mail commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Traffic by airports, aircraft and airlines": - Data by type of aircraft are broken down by total passengers on board, total freight and mail on board in tonnes, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by type of airline are broken down by total passengers on board, total passengers carried, total freight and mail on board, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by airport are  broken down by total passengers carried, total transit passengers, total transfer passengers, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total commercial aircraft movements, total aircrafts movements. the data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. The sub-domain "Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS)", contains two tables: Air transport of passengers at regional levelAir transport of freight at regional level The tables present the evolution of the number of passengers carried (if not available passengers on board) and the volume of freight and mail loaded or unloaded (if not available freight and mail on board) to/from the NUTS regions (level 2, 1 and 0) since 1999. The data is presented at annual level. The air transport regional data have been calculated using data collected at the airport level in the frame of the regulatory data collection on air transport. More information can be found in Regional transport statistics metadata file.

The air transport performance cover passenger-kilometres (PKM) for passenger transport and tonne-kilometres (TKM) for freight transport that are 'territorialised' to the countries and the EU. The ‘territorialised’ air transport performance is a concept used only for comparing the transport modes' activity at the EU or at a country level. The resulting statistics are not comparable with statistics on energy consumption in transport or with GHG emissions as these are based on different methodologies. Eurostat collects air transport data expressed in tonnes and in number of passengers carried between pairs of airports but the methodology for calculation and ‘territorialisation’ of air transport performance in tonne-km (TKM) and passenger-km (PKM) has been developed by Eurostat.  Passenger-km and tonne-km are calculated by Eurostat on the basis of the collected air transport data expressed in tonnes and in number of passengers carried between pairs of airports with the help of the distance matrix (shortest route), developed and maintained by Eurostat. The distance matrix contains as well a so-called 'territorialisation tool' that allows attributing the calculated TKM and PKM to the countries overflown on the route. The distance for each country is based on its national airspace, which includes territorial waters of 12 nautical miles off its coast.  The 'territorialised' TKM and PKM are presented at a country and at the EU level with the following breakdowns: Intra-EU that combines national (domestic) and international intra-EU28 transportInternational Extra-EU transportOverflown Concrete examples and description of these breakdowns can be found in the diagram (see Annexes) ; they are explained in point 18.5 below and in further details in the 'Methodology for territorialisation of air transport', pages 12 and 13 (in the annex below).

The Air transport domain contains national and international intra and extra-EU data. This provides air transport data for passengers (in number of passengers) and for freight and mail (in 1 000 tonnes) as well as air traffic data by airports, airlines and aircraft. Data are transmitted to Eurostat by the Member States of the European Union as well as the Candidate Countries, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. The air transport data have been calculated using data collected at airport level. The data are presented in four sub-domains:Air Transport measurement - PassengersAir Transport measurement - Freight and mailAir Transport measurement - Traffic data by airports, aircraft and airlinesAir Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS). The two first domains contain several data collections:Overview of the air transport by country and airport,National air transport by country and airport,International intra-EU air transport by country and airport,International extra-EU air transport by country and airport,Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Passengers", data are broken down by passengers on board (arrivals, departures and total), passengers carried (arrivals, departures and total) and passenger commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). Additionally, the tables of collection "Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes" provide data on seats available (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Freight and mail", data are broken down by freight and mail on board (arrival, departures and total), freight and mail loaded/unloaded (loaded, unloaded and total) and all-freight and mail commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Traffic by airports, aircraft and airlines": - Data by type of aircraft are broken down by total passengers on board, total freight and mail on board in tonnes, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by type of airline are broken down by total passengers on board, total passengers carried, total freight and mail on board, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by airport are broken down by total passengers carried, total transit passengers, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total commercial aircraft movements, total aircraft movements. The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. The sub-domain "Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS)", contains two tables:Air transport of passengers at regional levelAir transport of freight at regional level The tables present the evolution of the number of passengers carried (if not available passengers on board) and the volume of freight and mail loaded or unloaded (if not available freight and mail on board) to/from the NUTS regions (level 2, 1 and 0) since 1999. The data is presented at annual level. The air transport regional data have been calculated using data collected at the airport level in the frame of the regulatory data collection on air transport. More information can be found in Regional transport statistics metadata file.

The Air transport domain contains national and international intra and extra-EU data. This provides air transport data for passengers (in number of passengers) and for freight and mail (in 1 000 tonnes) as well as air traffic data by airports, airlines and aircraft. Data are transmitted to Eurostat by the Member States of the European Union as well as the Candidate Countries, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. The air transport data have been calculated using data collected at airport level. The data are presented in four sub-domains:Air Transport measurement - PassengersAir Transport measurement - Freight and mailAir Transport measurement - Traffic data by airports, aircraft and airlinesAir Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS). The two first domains contain several data collections:Overview of the air transport by country and airport,National air transport by country and airport,International intra-EU air transport by country and airport,International extra-EU air transport by country and airport,Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Passengers", data are broken down by passengers on board (arrivals, departures and total), passengers carried (arrivals, departures and total) and passenger commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). Additionally, the tables of collection "Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes" provide data on seats available (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Freight and mail", data are broken down by freight and mail on board (arrival, departures and total), freight and mail loaded/unloaded (loaded, unloaded and total) and all-freight and mail commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Traffic by airports, aircraft and airlines": - Data by type of aircraft are broken down by total passengers on board, total freight and mail on board in tonnes, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by type of airline are broken down by total passengers on board, total passengers carried, total freight and mail on board, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by airport are broken down by total passengers carried, total transit passengers, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total commercial aircraft movements, total aircraft movements. The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. The sub-domain "Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS)", contains two tables:Air transport of passengers at regional levelAir transport of freight at regional level The tables present the evolution of the number of passengers carried (if not available passengers on board) and the volume of freight and mail loaded or unloaded (if not available freight and mail on board) to/from the NUTS regions (level 2, 1 and 0) since 1999. The data is presented at annual level. The air transport regional data have been calculated using data collected at the airport level in the frame of the regulatory data collection on air transport. More information can be found in Regional transport statistics metadata file.

The Air transport domain contains national and international intra and extra-EU data. This provides air transport data for passengers (in number of passengers) and for freight and mail (in 1 000 tonnes) as well as air traffic data by airports, airlines and aircraft. Data are transmitted to Eurostat by the Member States of the European Union as well as the Candidate Countries, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. The air transport data have been calculated using data collected at airport level. The data are presented in four sub-domains: Air Transport measurement - PassengersAir Transport measurement - Freight and mailAir Transport measurement - Traffic data by airports, aircraft and airlinesAir Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS). The two first domains contain several data collections: Overview of the air transport by country and airport,National air transport by country and airport,International intra-EU air transport by country and airport,International extra-EU air transport by country and airport,Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Passengers", data are broken down by passengers on board (arrivals, departures and total), passengers carried (arrivals, departures and total) and passenger commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). Additionally, the tables of collection "Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes" provide data on seats available (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Freight and mail", data are broken down by freight and mail on board (arrival, departures and total), freight and mail loaded/unloaded (loaded, unloaded and total) and all-freight and mail commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Traffic by airports, aircraft and airlines": - Data by type of aircraft are broken down by total passengers on board, total freight and mail on board in tonnes, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by type of airline are broken down by total passengers on board, total passengers carried, total freight and mail on board, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by airport are broken down by total passengers carried, total transit passengers, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total commercial aircraft movements, total aircraft movements. The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. The sub-domain "Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS)", contains two tables: Air transport of passengers at regional levelAir transport of freight at regional level The tables present the evolution of the number of passengers carried (if not available passengers on board) and the volume of freight and mail loaded or unloaded (if not available freight and mail on board) to/from the NUTS regions (level 2, 1 and 0) since 1999. The data is presented at annual level. The air transport regional data have been calculated using data collected at the airport level in the frame of the regulatory data collection on air transport. More information can be found in Regional transport statistics metadata file.

The Air transport domain contains national and international intra and extra-EU data. This provides air transport data for passengers (in number of passengers) and for freight and mail (in 1 000 tonnes) as well as air traffic data by airports, airlines and aircraft. Data are transmitted to Eurostat by the Member States of the European Union as well as the Candidate Countries, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. The air transport data have been calculated using data collected at airport level. The data are presented in four sub-domains:Air Transport measurement - PassengersAir Transport measurement - Freight and mailAir Transport measurement - Traffic data by airports, aircraft and airlinesAir Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS). The two first domains contain several data collections:Overview of the air transport by country and airport,National air transport by country and airport,International intra-EU air transport by country and airport,International extra-EU air transport by country and airport,Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Passengers", data are broken down by passengers on board (arrivals, departures and total), passengers carried (arrivals, departures and total) and passenger commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). Additionally, the tables of collection "Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes" provide data on seats available (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Freight and mail", data are broken down by freight and mail on board (arrival, departures and total), freight and mail loaded/unloaded (loaded, unloaded and total) and all-freight and mail commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Traffic by airports, aircraft and airlines": - Data by type of aircraft are broken down by total passengers on board, total freight and mail on board in tonnes, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by type of airline are broken down by total passengers on board, total passengers carried, total freight and mail on board, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by airport are broken down by total passengers carried, total transit passengers, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total commercial aircraft movements, total aircraft movements. The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. The sub-domain "Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS)", contains two tables:Air transport of passengers at regional levelAir transport of freight at regional level The tables present the evolution of the number of passengers carried (if not available passengers on board) and the volume of freight and mail loaded or unloaded (if not available freight and mail on board) to/from the NUTS regions (level 2, 1 and 0) since 1999. The data is presented at annual level. The air transport regional data have been calculated using data collected at the airport level in the frame of the regulatory data collection on air transport. More information can be found in Regional transport statistics metadata file.

The Air transport domain contains national and international intra and extra-EU data. This provides air transport data for passengers (in number of passengers) and for freight and mail (in 1 000 tonnes) as well as air traffic data by airports, airlines and aircraft. Data are transmitted to Eurostat by the Member States of the European Union as well as the Candidate Countries, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. The air transport data have been calculated using data collected at airport level. The data are presented in four sub-domains: Air Transport measurement - PassengersAir Transport measurement - Freight and mailAir Transport measurement - Traffic data by airports, aircraft and airlinesAir Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS). The two first domains contain several data collections: Overview of the air transport by country and airport,National air transport by country and airport,International intra-EU air transport by country and airport,International extra-EU air transport by country and airport,Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Passengers", data are broken down by passengers on board (arrivals, departures and total), passengers carried (arrivals, departures and total) and passenger commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). Additionally, the tables of collection "Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes" provide data on seats available (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Freight and mail", data are broken down by freight and mail on board (arrival, departures and total), freight and mail loaded/unloaded (loaded, unloaded and total) and all-freight and mail commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Traffic by airports, aircraft and airlines": - Data by type of aircraft are broken down by total passengers on board, total freight and mail on board in tonnes, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by type of airline are broken down by total passengers on board, total passengers carried, total freight and mail on board, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by airport are broken down by total passengers carried, total transit passengers, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total commercial aircraft movements, total aircraft movements. The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. The sub-domain "Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS)", contains two tables: Air transport of passengers at regional levelAir transport of freight at regional level The tables present the evolution of the number of passengers carried (if not available passengers on board) and the volume of freight and mail loaded or unloaded (if not available freight and mail on board) to/from the NUTS regions (level 2, 1 and 0) since 1999. The data is presented at annual level. The air transport regional data have been calculated using data collected at the airport level in the frame of the regulatory data collection on air transport. More information can be found in Regional transport statistics metadata file.

The Air transport domain contains national and international intra and extra-EU data. This provides air transport data for passengers (in number of passengers) and for freight and mail (in 1 000 tonnes) as well as air traffic data by airports, airlines and aircraft. Data are transmitted to Eurostat by the Member States of the European Union as well as the Candidate Countries, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. The air transport data have been calculated using data collected at airport level. The data are presented in four sub-domains: Air Transport measurement - PassengersAir Transport measurement - Freight and mailAir Transport measurement - Traffic data by airports, aircraft and airlinesAir Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS). The two first domains contain several data collections: Overview of the air transport by country and airport,National air transport by country and airport,International intra-EU air transport by country and airport,International extra-EU air transport by country and airport,Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Passengers", data are broken down by passengers on board (arrivals, departures and total), passengers carried (arrivals, departures and total) and passenger commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). Additionally, the tables of collection "Detailed air transport by reporting country and routes" provide data on seats available (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Freight and mail", data are broken down by freight and mail on board (arrival, departures and total), freight and mail loaded/unloaded (loaded, unloaded and total) and all-freight and mail commercial air flights (arrival, departures and total). The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. In the tables of the sub-domain "Transport measurement - Traffic by airports, aircraft and airlines": - Data by type of aircraft are broken down by total passengers on board, total freight and mail on board in tonnes, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by type of airline are broken down by total passengers on board, total passengers carried, total freight and mail on board, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total passengers seats available, total commercial air flights (passengers + all-freight and mail), passenger commercial air flights, all-freight and mail commercial air flights. The data is presented at annual level since 2003. - Data by airport are broken down by total passengers carried, total transit passengers, total freight and mail loaded/unloaded, total commercial aircraft movements, total aircraft movements. The data is presented at monthly, quarterly and annual level. The sub-domain "Transport measurement - Data aggregated at standard regional levels (NUTS)", contains two tables: Air transport of passengers at regional levelAir transport of freight at regional level The tables present the evolution of the number of passengers carried (if not available passengers on board) and the volume of freight and mail loaded or unloaded (if not available freight and mail on board) to/from the NUTS regions (level 2, 1 and 0) since 1999. The data is presented at annual level. The air transport regional data have been calculated using data collected at the airport level in the frame of the regulatory data collection on air transport. More information can be found in Regional transport statistics metadata file.

The Questionnaire on Air Transport Statistics is aimed to collect aggregated annual data on the air transport sector for the following domains: I. Infrastructure (covering commercial airports only) (status at 31/12) II. Transport equipment (covering commercial aircrafts only) (status at 31/12) III. Enterprises, economic performance and employment (status at 31/12) IV. Accidents (annual data) - as from 2015 data on accidents are no longer collected by the questionnaire but are obtained from European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and disseminated under Air Transport Safety (tran_sf_avia) part of Eurobase Data are collected and disseminated at country level or at airport level for major European airports. The questionnaire is not supported by any legal acts and it is based on a gentlemen's agreement with the participating countries (Member States, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, FYROM and Montenegro). It is usually prefilled by Eurostat using its own sources as well as other ones (e.g. Airclaims or EASA) and sent to the countries for completion and validation. The completeness varies from country to country. Please note that information concerning data collected in the frame of the Air Transport Statistics Regulation can be found in the metadata documentation provided for this domain (Air Transport Measurement). The section on "Infrastructure" contains three tables: Number of main airports (with more than 150 000 passenger units per year) and other airports (between 15 000 and 150 000 passenger units per year) at country levelAirport infrastructures by type at airport levelAirport connections to other modes of transport at airport level. The section on "Transport Equipment" contains two tables: Commercial aircraft fleet by type of aircraft at country levelCommercial aircraft fleet by age of aircraft at country level The section on "Enterprises economic performance and employment" contains three tables: Number of aviation and airport enterprises at country levelEmployment in aviation and airport enterprises by gender at country levelEmployment in main airports by gender at airport level The section on "Accidents" (which contained two tables Number of injury accidents at country level and Number of fatalities in injury accidents at country level) has been removed from dissemination (in September 2015) and replaced by Air Transport Safety (tran_sf_avia) tables: Air accident victims in commercial air transport, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaca);Air accident victims in aerial works, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviaaw);Air accident victims in general aviation, by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass above 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagah);Air accident victims in general aviation by country of occurrence and country of registry of aircraft – maximum take-off mass under 2250 kg (EASA data) (tran_sf_aviagal). More information on air accident victims under the following link.

The air transport performance cover passenger-kilometres (PKM) for passenger transport and tonne-kilometres (TKM) for freight transport that are 'territorialised' to the countries and the EU. The ‘territorialised’ air transport performance is a concept used only for comparing the transport modes' activity at the EU or at a country level. The resulting statistics are not comparable with statistics on energy consumption in transport or with GHG emissions as these are based on different methodologies. Eurostat collects air transport data expressed in tonnes and in number of passengers carried between pairs of airports but the methodology for calculation and ‘territorialisation’ of air transport performance in tonne-km (TKM) and passenger-km (PKM) has been developed by Eurostat.  Passenger-km and tonne-km are calculated by Eurostat on the basis of the collected air transport data expressed in tonnes and in number of passengers carried between pairs of airports with the help of the distance matrix (shortest route), developed and maintained by Eurostat. The distance matrix contains as well a so-called 'territorialisation tool' that allows attributing the calculated TKM and PKM to the countries overflown on the route. The distance for each country is based on its national airspace, which includes territorial waters of 12 nautical miles off its coast.  The 'territorialised' TKM and PKM are presented at a country and at the EU level with the following breakdowns: Intra-EU that combines national (domestic) and international intra-EU28 transportInternational Extra-EU transportOverflown Concrete examples and description of these breakdowns can be found in the diagram (see Annexes) ; they are explained in point 18.5 below and in further details in the 'Methodology for territorialisation of air transport', pages 12 and 13 (in the annex below).

The indicator shows the population-weighted concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 to which the urban population is potentially exposed. Fine and coarse particulates (PM10) are those whose diameter is less than 10 micrometres, whilst fine particulates (PM2.5) are those whose diameters are less than 2.5 micrometers. Particulates can be carried deep into the lungs where they can cause inflammation and a worsening of the condition of people with heart and lung diseases. The smaller the particles the deeper they travel into the lungs, with more potential for harm. According to the recommendations of the World Health Organisation (WHO) the annual mean concentration is the best indicator for PM-related health effects. In 1996, the Environment Council adopted Framework Directive 96/62/EC on ambient air quality assessment and management. The first Daughter Directive (1999/30/EC) relating to limit values for PM10 and other pollutants in ambient air fixed an annual limit value of 40 micrograms of PM10 per cubic meter (40 µg/m3). Note that the WHO guideline value is 20 µg/m3 (annual mean). More recently, the Directive 2008/50/EC set a framework to define and establish objectives for ambient air quality and to harmonise methods and criteria among the Member States. This does have limits for PM2.5. The limit value that was due to be met on 1 January 2015 is 25 µg/m3, which falls to 20 µg/m3 by 2020. Note that the WHO guideline value is 10 µg/m3 (annual mean). The directive 2008/50/EC also places a requirement on Member States to assess and reduce population exposure to concentrations of PM2.5 by 2020. The magnitude of the required reduction depends on national average concentrations between 2009 and 2011. Where concentrations for those years were greater than 22 µg/m3, all appropriate measures should be used to reduce below 18 µg/m3 by 2020.