Expenditure-based gross domestic product is total final expenditure at purchasers’ prices (including final consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories, valuables and f.o.b. value of exports of goods and services), less the f.o.b. value of imports of goods and services.
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dominica | 5.4 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 | -0.2 | -1.1 | -1.0 | 4.4 | -2.4 | 2.8 | -6.8 | 3.7 | 5.5 | -16.1 | 6.2 | 5.9 |
Norway | 1.9 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 1.1 | -1.3 | 3.9 | 3.3 |
Algeria | 0.8 | 3.8 | 5.9 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.0 | -5.1 | 3.4 | 3.1 |
इस्वातिनी | 9.9 | -1.0 | 6.0 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 5.4 | 3.9 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.7 | -1.6 | 7.9 | -1.6 |
Senegal | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 7.4 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 1.3 | 6.5 | 4.0 |
Tonga | -2.0 | 3.8 | -0.4 | 0.8 | 6.8 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 6.6 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.5 | -2.7 | -2.0 |
Cambodia | 1.2 | 9.5 | 13.3 | 6.0 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 6.8 | -3.1 | 3.0 | 5.3 |
Spain | 3.8 | 5.2 | 3.7 | 0.2 | -0.8 | -3.0 | -1.4 | 1.4 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.0 | -11.2 | 6.4 | 5.8 |
Guatemala | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 4.0 | -1.8 | 8.0 | 4.1 |
Italy | 2.0 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 0.7 | -3.0 | -1.8 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 | -9.0 | 8.3 | 3.7 |
Mali | 2.4 | 4.7 | 10.4 | 10.9 | 7.7 | 11.2 | 7.0 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 8.9 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 0.7 | 3.6 | 7.2 |
Cyprus | 7.7 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 2.3 | 0.4 | -3.4 | -6.6 | -1.8 | 3.4 | 6.6 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.5 | -3.4 | 9.9 | 5.1 |
United Kingdom | 0.7 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 1.6 | -10.4 | 8.7 | 4.3 |
Austria | 4.3 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 1.5 | -6.6 | 4.2 | 4.8 |
Lithuania | 3.7 | 7.7 | 1.7 | 6.0 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 6.3 | 2.4 | |
Angola | -0.4 | 3.1 | 15.0 | 4.9 | 3.5 | 8.5 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 0.9 | -2.6 | -0.1 | -1.3 | -0.7 | -5.6 | 1.2 | 3.0 |
Viet Nam | 5.1 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 11.6 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 8.0 |
Ireland | 8.5 | 9.4 | 5.7 | 1.7 | 1.3 | -0.1 | 1.2 | 8.8 | 24.5 | 1.8 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 15.1 | 9.4 |
Monaco | 2.9 | 3.9 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 9.6 | 7.2 | 4.9 | 3.0 | -3.0 | 5.8 | 7.1 | -13.0 | 21.9 | 11.1 |
Fiji | 8.4 | -1.7 | 0.7 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 2.5 | 5.4 | 3.5 | -0.6 | -17.0 | -4.9 | 20.0 |
Pakistan | 4.5 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.8 | 4.4 | 6.2 | 2.5 | -1.3 | 6.5 | 6.2 |
Eritrea | 0.2 | 1.5 | 10.9 | 25.7 | 1.9 | -10.5 | 30.9 | -20.6 | 7.4 | -10.0 | 13.0 | 3.8 | -0.5 | 2.9 | 2.6 | |
Nicaragua | -0.1 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.6 | -3.4 | -2.9 | -1.8 | 10.3 | 3.8 |
Qatar | 3.4 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 16.7 | 13.0 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 3.1 | -1.5 | 1.2 | 0.7 | -3.6 | 1.6 | 4.7 |
Uruguay | 0.9 | -1.9 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 6.6 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 4.7 | 1.8 | 3.5 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 0.7 | -6.3 | 5.3 | 4.9 |
Namibia | 2.0 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 6.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 4.3 | 0.0 | -1.0 | 1.1 | -0.8 | -8.1 | 3.5 | 4.6 |
Haiti | 5.4 | 5.2 | 3.6 | -2.8 | 5.1 | 0.5 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 1.7 | -1.7 | -3.3 | -1.8 | -1.7 |
Antigua and Barbuda | 3.0 | 1.2 | 7.9 | -7.8 | -2.0 | 3.4 | -0.6 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 5.5 | 3.1 | 6.8 | 4.3 | -17.4 | 6.4 | 9.1 |
Papua New Guinea | -3.0 | -2.5 | 3.9 | 10.1 | 1.1 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 13.5 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 3.5 | -0.3 | 4.5 | -3.2 | -0.8 | 5.2 |
Malawi | 4.8 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 6.9 | 10.1 | 4.4 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 8.5 | 7.8 | 10.5 | 4.4 | 5.7 | 0.8 | 4.6 | 0.9 |
Chile | 3.7 | 4.5 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 4.0 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 3.7 | 0.7 | -6.1 | 11.7 | 2.4 |
Slovakia | 1.2 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 2.7 | 5.2 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 2.5 | -3.3 | 4.8 | 1.8 | |
China | 3.9 | 8.5 | 11.4 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 2.2 | 8.4 | 3.0 |
Dominican Republic | -5.0 | 5.7 | 9.3 | 8.3 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 4.9 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 4.7 | 7.0 | 5.1 | -6.7 | 12.3 | 4.9 |
North Macedonia | 4.5 | 4.7 | 3.4 | 2.3 | -0.5 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 3.9 | -4.7 | 4.5 | 2.2 | |
Democratic People's Republic of Korea | -4.3 | 0.4 | 3.8 | -0.5 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.0 | -1.1 | 3.9 | -3.5 | -4.1 | 0.4 | -4.5 | -0.1 | -0.2 |
Vanuatu | 4.8 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 0.2 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 2.9 | 3.2 | -5.0 | 0.6 | 1.8 |
Suriname | -3.9 | 2.1 | 3.9 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 1.1 | -2.6 | -4.9 | 1.6 | 4.9 | 1.2 | -16.0 | -2.4 | 2.4 |
Bolivia | 4.6 | 2.5 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 6.8 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 2.2 | -8.7 | 6.1 | 3.6 |
Thailand | 11.1 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 7.5 | 0.8 | 7.2 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 2.1 | -6.1 | 1.5 | 2.6 |
Philippines | 3.1 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 7.3 | 3.9 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 6.1 | -9.5 | 5.7 | 7.6 |
Afghanistan | -3.1 | -5.5 | 9.1 | 2.5 | 7.9 | 10.1 | 5.7 | 2.3 | -2.5 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 10.7 | -2.1 | -20.7 | -6.2 |
Bhutan | 11.4 | 8.7 | 7.1 | 11.9 | 13.5 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 5.8 | 8.6 | 10.2 | 6.6 | 3.5 | 5.8 | -10.2 | 4.4 | 5.2 |
Kyrgyzstan | 5.4 | -0.2 | -0.5 | 6.0 | -0.1 | 10.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 4.6 | -8.4 | 6.2 | 7.0 | |
Gabon | 5.2 | -1.3 | 1.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 3.9 | -1.8 | 1.5 | 2.8 |
Slovenia | 3.7 | 3.8 | 1.3 | 0.9 | -2.6 | -1.0 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 3.5 | -4.2 | 8.2 | 2.5 | |
Germany | 5.3 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 1.1 | -3.8 | 3.2 | 1.8 |
Egypt | 5.8 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 3.6 | 8.8 | 6.6 |
Rwanda | -2.4 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 8.9 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 8.6 | 9.5 | -3.4 | 10.9 | 8.1 |
Liberia | -51.0 | 28.6 | 5.3 | 7.3 | 8.2 | 11.3 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 9.3 | -0.5 | 2.5 | 1.2 | -2.3 | -2.9 | 5.0 | 4.8 |
Sudan | 8.3 | -2.8 | 0.7 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 4.7 | 2.8 | 1.3 | -3.6 | -1.9 | -2.5 | |||
Indonesia | 9.0 | 4.9 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.0 | -2.1 | 3.7 | 5.3 |
Kuwait | -26.2 | 4.7 | 10.6 | -2.4 | 9.6 | 6.6 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 2.9 | -4.7 | 2.4 | -0.6 | -8.9 | 1.1 | 8.9 |
Lao People’s Democratic Republic | 6.7 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 4.4 |
Chad | 3.2 | -0.5 | 7.9 | 17.4 | 2.2 | 11.2 | 7.9 | 9.2 | 3.9 | -4.4 | -0.3 | 6.0 | 3.4 | -2.1 | -1.2 | 3.4 |
Solomon Islands | 6.7 | -11.4 | 7.4 | 9.7 | 7.4 | 2.4 | 5.3 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 5.6 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 1.7 | -3.4 | -0.6 | -4.1 |
Tunisia | 7.1 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | -0.8 | 5.3 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 6.1 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.5 | -8.6 | 4.3 | 2.5 |
Iceland | 1.2 | 5.0 | 6.1 | -2.8 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 4.4 | 6.3 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 1.9 | -7.2 | 4.5 | 7.2 |
Lebanon | 26.5 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 8.0 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 0.9 | -1.9 | -6.9 | -25.9 | -10.0 | 0.0 |
Seychelles | 7.5 | -0.1 | 9.0 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 4.1 | 6.5 | 4.9 | 9.7 | 12.7 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 5.2 | -8.5 | 2.5 | 3.7 |
Bulgaria | -9.1 | 4.6 | 7.1 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 0.7 | -0.5 | 0.9 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 4.0 | -4.0 | 7.7 | 3.9 |
Luxembourg | 5.3 | 6.9 | 2.5 | 3.8 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 5.0 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 2.9 | -0.9 | 7.2 | 1.4 |
Honduras | 0.1 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 2.7 | -9.0 | 12.5 | 4.0 |
हांगकांग | 3.8 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 6.8 | 4.8 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 3.8 | 2.8 | -1.7 | -6.5 | 6.4 | -3.5 |
Azerbaijan | 11.1 | 26.4 | 5.0 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 5.8 | 2.8 | 1.1 | -3.1 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 2.5 | -4.2 | 5.6 | 4.6 | |
Timor-Leste | 13.3 | 3.0 | 9.6 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 3.1 | 4.5 | 2.8 | 3.4 | -3.1 | -0.7 | 23.4 | 32.0 | 5.3 | -20.5 | |
India | 5.5 | 3.8 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 8.3 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 3.9 | -5.8 | 9.1 | 7.2 |
Iraq | 0.0 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 13.9 | 7.6 | 0.2 | 4.7 | 13.8 | -1.8 | 2.6 | 6.5 | -12.8 | 1.6 | 7.0 |
Nepal | 4.6 | 6.1 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 0.4 | 9.0 | 7.6 | 6.7 | -2.4 | 4.8 | 5.6 |
Puerto Rico | 3.8 | 3.3 | -2.0 | -0.4 | -0.4 | 0.0 | -0.3 | -1.2 | -1.0 | -1.3 | -2.9 | -4.4 | 1.7 | -4.2 | 0.4 | 3.4 |
Georgia | 1.8 | 9.6 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 6.4 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.0 | -6.8 | 10.5 | 10.1 | |
Lesotho | 6.4 | 5.1 | 2.7 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 6.3 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 3.6 | -3.1 | -1.5 | -1.4 | -7.5 | 1.9 | 1.1 |
United Arab Emirates | 17.8 | 12.2 | 4.9 | 2.8 | 6.2 | 1.8 | 5.1 | 4.2 | 6.8 | 5.6 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 1.1 | -5.0 | 4.4 | 7.9 |
Croatia | 3.0 | 4.3 | -1.2 | -0.1 | -2.3 | -0.4 | -0.4 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 3.4 | -8.6 | 13.8 | 6.3 | |
Benin | 9.0 | 5.9 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 4.8 | 7.2 | 6.4 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 3.8 | 7.2 | 6.3 |
Ethiopia | 6.1 | 11.8 | 12.6 | 13.2 | 8.6 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 7.6 | 9.6 | 6.8 | 8.4 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.3 | |
Madagascar | 3.1 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 4.4 | -7.1 | 5.7 | 3.8 |
Costa Rica | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 2.4 | -4.3 | 7.8 | 4.3 |
Myanmar | 2.8 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 10.2 | 5.6 | 7.3 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 4.9 | -1.4 | 2.3 | 3.5 |
Bahamas | -1.6 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 3.1 | -2.9 | 1.8 | 1.0 | -0.8 | 2.5 | 2.9 | -0.7 | -23.5 | 17.0 | 14.4 |
Jamaica | 5.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | -1.5 | 1.7 | -0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 0.9 | -9.9 | 4.6 | 4.2 |
Somalia | 2.3 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | -2.7 | 15.9 | 23.7 | 16.7 | 9.5 | 3.0 | 3.6 | -2.6 | 3.3 | 2.4 |
Kiribati | -1.8 | 5.6 | 5.0 | -1.1 | 1.8 | 5.1 | 4.2 | -1.1 | 9.9 | -0.5 | -0.2 | 5.3 | -2.1 | -1.4 | 7.9 | 1.2 |
Liechtenstein | -2.5 | 3.2 | 4.8 | 7.4 | -4.1 | 1.1 | 4.9 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 0.4 | -0.7 | 0.6 | 2.8 |
Estonia | 10.1 | 9.5 | 2.4 | 7.3 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 3.2 | 5.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | -0.6 | 8.0 | -1.3 | |
Greece | 0.0 | 3.9 | 0.6 | -5.5 | -10.1 | -7.1 | -2.5 | 0.5 | -0.2 | -0.5 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.9 | -9.3 | 8.4 | 5.6 |
Poland | -11.7 | 4.6 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 3.0 | 5.1 | 5.9 | 4.5 | -2.0 | 6.9 | 5.3 |
United Republic of Tanzania | 4.5 | 4.9 | 7.4 | 6.4 | 7.9 | 5.1 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.7 |
Zambia | 0.7 | 3.9 | 7.2 | 10.3 | 5.6 | 7.6 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 1.4 | -2.8 | 4.6 | 7.0 |
Syrian Arab Republic | 4.6 | 0.7 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 2.9 | -26.3 | -26.3 | -10.3 | -4.2 | -6.4 | -0.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | -0.2 | 1.3 | -0.9 |
Mauritius | 7.2 | 8.2 | 1.8 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 2.9 | -14.6 | 3.4 | 8.7 |
Serbia | 6.1 | 5.5 | 0.7 | 2.0 | -0.7 | 2.9 | -1.6 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 4.5 | 4.3 | -0.9 | 7.5 | 2.3 | |
Mongolia | -2.5 | 1.1 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 17.3 | 12.3 | 11.6 | 7.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 5.6 | 7.7 | 5.6 | -4.6 | 1.6 | 5.0 |
Burundi | 3.5 | -0.9 | 0.9 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.2 | -0.4 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 5.3 | 4.5 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 1.8 |
Canada | 0.2 | 5.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 1.9 | -5.1 | 5.0 | 3.4 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 5.4 | 3.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | -0.8 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 2.9 | -3.0 | 7.4 | 4.1 | |
Cuba | -2.9 | 5.9 | 11.2 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 4.4 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 2.2 | -0.2 | -10.9 | 1.3 | 1.8 |
France | 2.9 | 3.9 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.8 | -7.5 | 6.4 | 2.5 |
Nigeria | 11.8 | 5.0 | 6.4 | 8.0 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 2.7 | -1.6 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 2.2 | -1.8 | 3.6 | 3.3 |
Portugal | 4.0 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 1.7 | -1.7 | -4.1 | -0.9 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.7 | -8.3 | 5.7 | 6.8 |
मकाउ | 8.0 | 5.7 | 8.1 | 25.1 | 21.6 | 9.2 | 10.8 | -2.0 | -21.5 | -0.7 | 9.9 | 6.4 | -2.6 | -54.3 | 23.5 | -21.5 |
Japan | 4.9 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 0.6 | -0.4 | -4.3 | 2.1 | 1.0 |
Marshall Islands | 2.7 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 5.4 | -0.3 | -1.3 | 3.7 | -1.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 4.2 | 10.8 | -1.8 | 1.1 | 1.5 |
Central African Republic | -1.5 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 5.1 | -36.4 | 0.1 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
Uganda | 6.2 | 4.7 | 10.0 | 19.9 | 4.5 | 3.6 | -0.4 | 8.4 | 6.1 | 1.0 | 7.1 | 5.5 | 7.8 | -1.4 | 5.8 | 6.5 |
Gambia | 3.6 | 6.1 | -2.4 | 5.9 | -8.1 | 5.2 | 2.9 | -1.4 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 4.8 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 0.6 | 5.3 | 4.9 |
Burkina Faso | -0.6 | 1.9 | 8.7 | 8.4 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.6 | -4.8 | 13.0 | 6.7 | 1.5 |
Kenya | 4.2 | 0.5 | 5.9 | 8.1 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 5.6 | 5.2 | -0.3 | 7.6 | 4.8 |
Turkmenistan | 5.5 | 13.0 | 16.2 | 12.9 | 6.1 | -0.3 | 3.8 | 3.0 | -1.0 | 4.7 | 0.9 | -3.4 | -2.9 | 4.6 | 1.6 | |
Kazakhstan | 9.8 | 9.7 | 7.3 | 8.9 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 4.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 6.8 | 4.1 | 4.5 | -2.5 | 4.3 | 3.2 | |
Ecuador | 3.7 | 1.1 | 5.3 | 3.5 | 7.9 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 0.1 | -1.2 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.0 | -7.8 | 4.2 | 2.9 |
Albania | -10.0 | 6.9 | 5.5 | 3.7 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 2.1 | -3.5 | 9.1 | 4.9 |
Togo | 5.9 | -1.0 | 7.0 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 1.1 | 6.0 | 5.8 |
Czech Republic | 4.0 | 6.6 | 2.4 | 1.8 | -0.8 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 5.4 | 2.5 | 5.2 | 3.2 | 3.0 | -5.5 | 3.6 | 2.4 | |
Montenegro | 14.5 | 4.2 | 2.7 | 3.2 | -2.7 | 3.5 | 1.8 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 4.1 | -15.3 | 13.0 | 6.4 | |
Uzbekistan | 4.0 | 7.0 | 9.9 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 5.9 | 4.4 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 2.0 | 7.4 | 5.7 | |
Belarus | 5.8 | 9.4 | 7.7 | 5.5 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.7 | -3.8 | -2.5 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 1.4 | -0.7 | 2.4 | -4.7 | |
Micronesia (Federated States of) | 4.0 | 4.6 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 3.2 | -1.9 | -3.7 | -2.3 | 4.6 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 1.2 | -1.8 | -3.2 | -0.6 |
Mozambique | 2.2 | 0.8 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 4.7 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 2.3 | -1.2 | 2.4 | 4.4 |
Malaysia | 9.0 | 8.9 | 5.3 | 7.4 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 4.7 | 6.0 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 4.4 | -5.5 | 3.1 | 8.7 |
Oman | 8.4 | 6.2 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 8.9 | 5.2 | 1.3 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.3 | 1.3 | -1.1 | -3.4 | 3.1 | 4.3 |
El Salvador | 3.4 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 3.8 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | -7.9 | 11.2 | 2.6 |
Sierra Leone | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 15.2 | 20.7 | 4.6 | -20.5 | 6.3 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 5.3 | -2.0 | 4.1 | 3.8 |
Saudi Arabia | 15.2 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 11.0 | 5.4 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 2.4 | -0.1 | 2.8 | 0.8 | -4.3 | 3.9 | 8.7 |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | -6.6 | -6.9 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 8.5 | 9.5 | 6.9 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 5.8 | 4.4 | 1.7 | 6.2 | 8.5 |
Andorra | 3.8 | 1.2 | 5.4 | -2.0 | 0.0 | -5.0 | -3.5 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 2.0 | -11.2 | 8.3 | 9.6 |
Belize | 15.2 | 12.2 | 2.2 | 1.2 | -0.3 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 0.0 | -1.8 | 1.1 | 4.2 | -13.7 | 17.9 | 8.7 |
Romania | -5.6 | 2.5 | 4.7 | -3.9 | 4.5 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 8.2 | 6.0 | 3.9 | -3.7 | 5.7 | 4.6 |
Mauritania | -1.0 | -3.9 | 8.6 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 1.3 | 6.3 | 4.8 | 5.3 | -0.9 | 2.4 | 7.1 |
Guinea | 4.3 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 4.7 |
Congo | -0.8 | 11.8 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 2.2 | 9.9 | -0.7 | 6.6 | 0.4 | -8.7 | -5.6 | -2.3 | 1.1 | -6.3 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Bangladesh | 6.6 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 9.1 | 6.6 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 3.4 | 6.9 | 7.1 |
Latvia | 5.7 | 10.7 | -4.5 | 2.6 | 7.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 0.6 | -3.5 | 6.7 | 3.4 | |
Colombia | 4.3 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 6.9 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 3.2 | -7.3 | 11.0 | 7.3 |
Denmark | 1.5 | 3.7 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 1.5 | -2.4 | 6.8 | 2.7 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 4.9 | 13.7 | 10.2 | -0.1 | 1.6 | -0.5 | 5.7 | 7.6 | 0.7 | 3.9 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 4.0 | -14.5 | -0.9 | 7.7 |
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 6.5 | 3.7 | 10.3 | -1.5 | 4.2 | 5.6 | 1.3 | -3.9 | -6.2 | -17.0 | -15.7 | -19.6 | -27.7 | -30.0 | 1.0 | 8.0 |
San Marino | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.3 | -4.6 | -9.5 | -7.5 | -3.0 | -0.9 | -6.2 | 2.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 2.1 | -6.6 | 8.5 | 5.0 |
Hungary | -3.5 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 1.1 | 1.9 | -1.3 | 1.8 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 2.2 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 4.9 | -4.5 | 7.1 | 4.6 |
Netherlands | 4.2 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 1.6 | -1.0 | -0.1 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.0 | -3.9 | 6.2 | 4.3 |
Grenada | 5.2 | 4.9 | 13.3 | -0.5 | 0.8 | -1.2 | 2.4 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 0.7 | -13.8 | 4.7 | 3.7 |
Comoros | 0.9 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 8.9 | 3.9 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 5.6 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 2.6 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 4.1 | 2.6 | 2.5 | -4.5 | -0.6 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 0.7 | -3.7 | 0.8 | 5.5 |
Brazil | -4.4 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 7.5 | 4.0 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 0.5 | -3.5 | -3.3 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.2 | -3.3 | 5.0 | 2.9 |
South Africa | -0.3 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 0.3 | -6.0 | 4.7 | 1.9 |
Peru | -5.0 | 2.7 | 6.3 | 8.3 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 4.0 | 2.2 | -10.9 | 13.4 | 2.7 |
Russian Federation | 10.0 | 6.4 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 1.8 | 0.7 | -2.0 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 2.2 | -2.7 | 5.6 | -2.1 | |
Sao Tome and Principe | -2.2 | 0.4 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 4.4 | 3.1 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 0.1 |
Tajikistan | 8.3 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 2.4 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 4.4 | 9.4 | 8.0 | |
Niger | -0.8 | -2.6 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 3.4 | 12.4 | 5.1 | 7.3 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 7.2 | 5.9 | 3.6 | 1.4 | 11.9 |
Samoa | -4.4 | 7.1 | 5.1 | 1.6 | 1.7 | -3.9 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 6.1 | 4.5 | -0.5 | 2.9 | 2.8 | -10.1 | -2.3 | 0.0 |
Malta | 6.3 | 6.8 | 3.4 | 5.5 | 0.5 | 4.1 | 5.5 | 7.6 | 9.6 | 3.4 | 10.9 | 7.4 | 7.1 | -8.1 | 12.3 | 6.9 |
Armenia | 5.9 | 13.9 | 2.2 | 4.7 | 7.2 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 0.2 | 7.5 | 5.2 | 7.6 | -7.2 | 5.8 | 12.6 | |
Finland | 0.7 | 5.8 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.5 | -1.4 | -0.9 | -0.4 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | -2.4 | 3.2 | 1.6 |
Barbados | -3.3 | 4.5 | 4.0 | -2.3 | -0.7 | -0.3 | -1.3 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 0.5 | -0.9 | 0.3 | -12.7 | -0.8 | 11.3 |
New Zealand | 0.6 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 2.9 |
Djibouti | 5.8 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 11.7 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 13.4 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 6.7 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 1.2 | 4.8 | 3.7 |
United States of America | 1.9 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 2.5 | -2.2 | 5.8 | 1.9 |
Iran | 13.6 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 6.9 | 3.8 | -3.7 | -1.5 | 5.0 | -1.4 | 8.8 | 2.8 | -1.8 | -3.1 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 3.8 |
Zimbabwe | 7.0 | -8.2 | -4.1 | 19.7 | 14.2 | 16.7 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | -6.1 | -5.3 | 6.3 | 3.5 |
Trinidad and Tobago | 1.5 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 3.4 | -0.2 | 1.4 | 3.5 | 3.9 | -0.8 | -7.5 | -4.8 | -0.6 | 0.4 | -9.1 | -1.0 | 1.5 |
Tuvalu | 15.4 | 13.3 | -4.1 | -3.3 | 7.5 | -3.9 | 6.1 | 2.3 | 10.4 | 6.9 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 13.7 | -4.2 | 1.7 | 0.7 |
Yemen | 19.3 | 7.6 | 5.1 | 4.1 | -15.2 | -1.1 | 5.3 | -11.2 | -36.1 | -15.0 | -10.6 | -0.8 | 1.4 | 1.2 | -1.0 | 1.5 |
Turkey | 9.3 | 6.9 | 9.0 | 8.4 | 11.2 | 4.8 | 8.5 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 3.3 | 7.5 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 11.4 | 5.5 |
Panama | 8.1 | 2.7 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 11.7 | 10.1 | 7.3 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 3.3 | -17.7 | 15.8 | 10.8 |
फिलिस्तीन | 19.0 | -8.6 | 11.3 | 5.8 | 9.6 | 6.1 | 4.7 | -0.2 | 3.7 | 8.9 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.4 | -11.3 | 7.0 | 3.9 |
Jordan | -0.3 | 4.2 | 8.1 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 1.8 | -1.6 | 2.2 | 2.5 |
Nauru | -2.8 | -6.9 | -12.1 | 8.7 | 13.6 | 11.7 | 10.1 | 34.2 | 36.5 | 2.8 | 3.0 | -5.5 | 5.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.5 |
Maldives | 16.3 | 3.8 | -11.2 | 6.8 | 8.6 | 2.4 | 7.0 | 7.8 | 4.0 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 8.7 | 7.3 | -32.9 | 37.7 | 13.9 |
Palau | 5.4 | -6.7 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 4.7 | 1.5 | -1.4 | 4.4 | 8.8 | 0.7 | -3.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | -9.1 | -13.3 | -2.6 |
Côte d'Ivoire | -1.2 | -2.1 | 1.7 | 7.7 | 1.1 | 16.2 | 15.3 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 1.7 | 7.0 | 6.7 |
Equatorial Guinea | 2.5 | 13.1 | 8.9 | -8.9 | 6.5 | 8.3 | -4.1 | 0.4 | -9.1 | -8.8 | -5.7 | -6.2 | -5.5 | -4.2 | -0.9 | 3.2 |
Republic of Korea | 9.9 | 9.1 | 4.3 | 6.8 | 3.7 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.2 | -0.7 | 4.3 | 2.6 |
Paraguay | 3.1 | -3.3 | 2.1 | 11.1 | 4.3 | -0.7 | 8.3 | 5.3 | 3.0 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 3.2 | -0.4 | -0.8 | 4.0 | 0.1 |
South Sudan | -0.5 | 1.5 | -51.3 | 29.8 | 28.0 | 6.9 | -6.6 | -3.5 | 3.8 | 11.4 | -3.4 | -2.4 | 0.5 | |||
Mexico | 5.1 | 5.0 | 2.1 | 5.0 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | -0.3 | -8.6 | 5.7 | 3.9 |
Argentina | -1.3 | -0.8 | 8.9 | 10.1 | 6.0 | -1.0 | 2.4 | -2.5 | 2.7 | -2.1 | 2.8 | -2.6 | -2.0 | -9.9 | 10.7 | 5.0 |
Singapore | 9.8 | 9.0 | 7.4 | 14.5 | 6.2 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 1.3 | -3.9 | 8.9 | 3.6 |
Belgium | 3.1 | 3.7 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.2 | -5.3 | 6.9 | 3.0 |
Sweden | 0.8 | 4.8 | 2.9 | 6.0 | 3.2 | -0.6 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 2.0 | -2.2 | 6.1 | 2.8 |
Ukraine | 5.9 | 3.1 | 0.3 | 5.5 | 0.2 | 0.0 | -6.6 | -9.8 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 3.2 | -3.8 | 3.4 | -29.1 | |
Republic of Moldova | 2.1 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 5.8 | -0.6 | 9.0 | 5.0 | -0.7 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.6 | -8.3 | 13.9 | -5.9 | |
Switzerland | 3.7 | 4.0 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.9 | 1.1 | -2.1 | 5.4 | 2.6 |
Saint Lucia | 2.9 | -0.4 | -0.4 | 0.5 | 4.3 | -0.1 | -2.0 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 2.9 | -0.4 | -25.4 | 11.3 | 15.4 |
Cameroon | -2.4 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 0.3 | 3.6 | 3.5 |
Sri Lanka | 6.2 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 4.1 | 6.4 | 4.2 | 5.1 | 6.5 | 2.3 | -0.2 | -4.6 | 3.5 | -7.8 |
केप वर्दे | 0.7 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 1.8 | 3.9 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 7.6 | -19.3 | 6.8 | 17.7 |
Guyana | -3.0 | -1.4 | 6.4 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 43.5 | 20.1 | 63.3 |
Bahrain | 4.6 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 4.3 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 2.1 | 2.1 | -4.6 | 2.7 | 4.8 |
Ghana | 3.3 | 4.2 | 6.2 | 7.9 | 14.0 | 9.3 | 8.0 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 8.1 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 0.5 | 5.1 | 3.1 |
Libya | 3.7 | 2.3 | 12.3 | 5.0 | -50.3 | 86.8 | -18.0 | -23.0 | -0.8 | -1.5 | 32.5 | 7.9 | -11.2 | -29.5 | 28.3 | -18.5 |
Brunei Darussalam | 1.1 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 0.9 | -2.1 | -2.5 | -0.4 | -2.5 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 3.9 | 1.1 | -1.6 | -1.6 |
Morocco | 3.9 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 5.1 | 7.5 | 3.5 | 6.1 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 6.1 | 3.0 | 3.9 | -6.4 | 8.2 | 3.7 |
Guinea Bissau | 3.3 | -0.2 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 8.1 | -1.7 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 1.5 | 6.4 | 4.2 |
Israel | 7.3 | 8.6 | 4.2 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 3.8 | -1.5 | 9.3 | 6.5 |
Australia | -0.4 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 2.2 | -0.3 | 2.1 | 4.3 | 3.0 |
Botswana | 7.1 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 10.1 | 6.8 | -0.2 | 11.1 | 5.7 | -4.9 | 7.2 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 3.0 | -8.7 | 11.9 | 5.8 |
Oceania | -0.2 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 3.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 4.1 | 3.1 |