Risk premium on lending is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to private sector customers minus the "risk free" treasury bill interest rate at which short-term government securities are issued or traded in the market. In some countries this spread may be negative, indicating that the market considers its best corporate clients to be lower risk than the government. The terms and conditions attached to lending rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.
| 1970 | 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | 1.74 | 2.84 | 3.18 | 3.48 | 3.35 | |||||||||||||
| Fiji | 4.86 | 4.84 | 4.04 | 5.23 | 6.40 | 5.95 | 4.60 | 4.60 | 4.61 | 4.39 | 4.27 | 3.46 | 4.37 | 5.35 | 5.39 | 4.94 | ||
| Japan | 1.84 | 1.68 | 1.48 | 1.40 | 1.31 | 1.23 | 1.19 | 1.16 | 1.27 | 1.20 | ||||||||
| Lao People’s Democratic Republic | 2.06 | 8.22 | 14.64 | |||||||||||||||
| Malaysia | 2.67 | 4.81 | 3.47 | 2.42 | 1.99 | 1.75 | 1.65 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.77 | ||||||||
| Mongolia | 5.22 | 8.92 | 6.82 | 5.05 | 4.73 | 6.16 | ||||||||||||
| New Zealand | 1.42 | 1.24 | 3.48 | 3.56 | 3.36 | 3.14 | 2.56 | 2.77 | 2.99 | 3.00 | ||||||||
| Papua New Guinea | 0.55 | 7.66 | 5.81 | 6.67 | 8.08 | 7.98 | 5.41 | 3.47 | 3.82 | 3.66 | 4.35 | 2.52 | 0.77 | 3.65 | 5.23 | 6.03 | ||
| Philippines | 0.45 | 0.99 | 4.05 | 4.16 | 5.32 | 4.18 | 5.48 | 4.31 | 3.83 | 4.14 | 3.51 | 2.51 | 2.77 | |||||
| Singapore | 4.08 | 3.62 | 3.24 | 5.05 | 5.09 | 5.11 | 5.13 | |||||||||||
| Solomon Islands | 4.66 | 10.73 | 10.65 | 9.86 | 10.37 | 10.68 | 10.01 | 9.64 | 10.23 | 10.28 | 10.11 | 10.19 | 4.69 | |||||
| Thailand | 2.05 | 2.89 | 2.19 | 2.22 | 2.49 | 2.88 | 3.12 | 3.06 | 3.08 | 2.84 | 2.53 | 2.69 | 2.65 | 2.47 | 2.50 | |||
| Viet Nam | 5.13 | 4.90 | 1.99 | 4.60 | 4.66 | 3.73 | 3.58 | 2.89 | ||||||||||
| Albania | 11.30 | 7.55 | 7.00 | 6.97 | 5.73 | 5.62 | 4.86 | 5.14 | 5.67 | 5.00 | 4.62 | 5.15 | 4.97 | 4.70 | 3.39 | |||
| Armenia | 13.93 | 8.61 | 8.23 | 7.43 | 6.70 | 8.61 | 4.69 | 7.53 | 7.68 | 6.57 | 6.11 | 5.80 | 3.96 | 1.13 | 1.25 | |||
| Azerbaijan | 2.92 | 9.51 | 18.87 | 16.71 | 15.92 | 16.32 | 15.97 | 3.42 | 2.22 | |||||||||
| Bulgaria | 8.59 | 9.38 | 8.64 | 7.05 | 7.08 | |||||||||||||
| Czech Republic | 1.84 | 3.83 | 4.94 | 4.89 | 4.79 | 4.85 | 4.50 | 4.16 | 4.13 | 3.06 | ||||||||
| Georgia | 4.98 | 6.29 | 5.31 | 8.05 | 8.43 | 5.74 | 3.71 | 4.23 | 4.19 | 3.87 | 3.59 | 3.25 | 3.63 | 3.47 | 4.02 | |||
| Hungary | -1.35 | 1.57 | 1.59 | 2.22 | 2.30 | 2.10 | 2.12 | 2.27 | 1.74 | 1.36 | 1.45 | 1.43 | 1.79 | 1.50 | 2.09 | 2.72 | 3.84 | |
| Iceland | 5.68 | 5.98 | 3.61 | 3.42 | 2.77 | 1.96 | 1.72 | 1.69 | 1.96 | 2.28 | 2.23 | 2.56 | 3.77 | 3.62 | 2.47 | 2.50 | ||
| Italy | 2.47 | 2.49 | 3.14 | 2.90 | 1.81 | 3.33 | 4.29 | 4.44 | 4.08 | 3.66 | 3.34 | 2.56 | 2.66 | 2.53 | 2.51 | 1.39 | 1.31 | |
| Kyrgyzstan | -5.41 | 13.06 | 13.33 | 8.19 | 13.09 | 12.81 | 10.68 | 10.87 | 15.02 | 14.78 | 13.93 | 13.93 | 11.16 | 9.54 | 10.56 | 10.64 | ||
| Republic of Moldova | 9.15 | 15.51 | 9.23 | 2.73 | 7.16 | 6.73 | 4.26 | -6.43 | -1.14 | 3.56 | 4.08 | 2.01 | 2.99 | 1.64 | -6.19 | 3.17 | ||
| Montenegro | 6.39 | 6.33 | 7.02 | 4.83 | 6.14 | 8.06 | 8.30 | 6.01 | 4.85 | 6.00 | 5.64 | 5.00 | 4.86 | 4.25 | 2.39 | |||
| Romania | 1.99 | 12.12 | 6.86 | 4.81 | 5.06 | 5.63 | 4.61 | 4.30 | 3.29 | 3.03 | 2.54 | 2.98 | 2.92 | 2.11 | 0.23 | 2.32 | ||
| Serbia | -13.72 | -6.24 | ||||||||||||||||
| Sweden | 1.82 | 1.82 | ||||||||||||||||
| Tajikistan | 16.68 | 15.06 | 16.27 | 23.50 | 24.13 | 25.08 | 23.95 | 28.66 | ||||||||||
| United Kingdom | 0.23 | 0.67 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.12 | |||||||||
| Uzbekistan | 5.55 | 10.41 | 8.46 | 8.13 | 5.39 | 5.17 | ||||||||||||
| Antigua and Barbuda | 3.64 | 5.17 | 4.39 | 4.75 | 4.41 | 4.03 | 3.95 | 4.07 | 4.84 | 4.96 | 6.65 | 7.00 | ||||||
| Barbados | 4.35 | 4.90 | 4.54 | 5.40 | 5.29 | 5.20 | 5.30 | 5.18 | 5.24 | 4.74 | 4.75 | 4.92 | 7.55 | 7.55 | 7.55 | 7.55 | ||
| Belize | 6.67 | 10.10 | 11.04 | 10.84 | 10.94 | 10.36 | 10.08 | 10.35 | 10.21 | 9.81 | 8.81 | 7.91 | 7.84 | 7.46 | 7.17 | 7.61 | 7.80 | |
| Bolivia | 23.60 | 11.65 | 9.84 | 10.45 | 10.61 | 9.96 | 7.72 | 7.50 | 7.73 | 7.76 | ||||||||
| Brazil | 38.32 | 36.62 | 29.06 | 32.22 | 28.57 | 18.40 | 20.47 | 29.80 | 38.64 | 37.86 | 31.77 | 31.30 | 26.28 | 22.90 | 26.14 | 31.48 | ||
| Dominica | 4.76 | 5.28 | 3.52 | 3.06 | 2.44 | 4.70 | 6.27 | 6.96 | 5.43 | 4.85 | 6.19 | 5.96 | ||||||
| Grenada | 4.33 | 4.77 | 3.73 | 3.27 | 3.19 | 3.09 | 3.36 | 4.65 | 4.18 | |||||||||
| Guyana | 2.75 | 7.42 | 10.75 | 10.67 | 11.97 | 12.13 | 12.18 | 11.27 | 11.00 | 11.15 | 11.45 | 11.46 | 8.94 | 7.93 | 7.34 | 6.88 | 6.95 | |
| Jamaica | 4.29 | 5.11 | 3.98 | 11.19 | 12.92 | 11.01 | 10.42 | 8.92 | 10.39 | 10.54 | 9.11 | 11.73 | 11.09 | 10.78 | 9.50 | 4.09 | 3.54 | |
| Mexico | 1.68 | 0.49 | 0.88 | 0.67 | 0.44 | 0.52 | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.61 | 0.65 | 0.42 | 0.59 | 1.02 | 0.47 | 0.55 | 0.49 | ||
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 4.88 | 4.60 | 3.03 | 1.87 | 2.70 | 1.98 | 2.03 | |||||||||||
| Saint Lucia | 6.12 | 5.48 | 4.38 | 3.08 | 3.65 | 5.30 | 5.14 | 6.36 | 6.13 | |||||||||
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 5.05 | 4.96 | 4.74 | 4.23 | 4.97 | 5.45 | 6.00 | 5.89 | 6.38 | 6.06 | 5.89 | |||||||
| Bahamas | 3.15 | 4.97 | 5.40 | 3.22 | 3.81 | 4.51 | 4.45 | 4.22 | 4.07 | 3.11 | 2.42 | 2.56 | 2.64 | 2.45 | 1.67 | 1.39 | 1.34 | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 5.37 | 5.94 | 4.24 | 8.44 | 7.44 | 7.34 | 7.34 | 7.40 | 7.72 | 7.84 | 7.67 | 7.59 | 7.38 | 5.30 | 7.01 | 6.84 | 6.53 | |
| Uruguay | 9.47 | 1.27 | 1.01 | 1.80 | 1.06 | 1.17 | 2.37 | 2.67 | 3.43 | 2.82 | 2.30 | 2.76 | 1.19 | 0.88 | 1.27 | |||
| Algeria | 0.20 | 7.25 | 7.69 | 7.79 | 7.51 | 7.75 | 7.71 | 7.50 | 6.81 | 6.25 | 5.64 | 5.10 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.01 | 5.01 | ||
| Bahrain | 5.04 | 4.25 | 6.42 | 5.84 | 4.83 | 5.09 | 5.08 | |||||||||||
| Egypt | 4.18 | 3.71 | 1.36 | -0.96 | -1.61 | 0.01 | 0.69 | 0.39 | -0.65 | -1.26 | -0.56 | -0.67 | -1.75 | -3.28 | -4.17 | -5.59 | ||
| Iraq | 6.35 | 5.71 | 4.77 | 7.72 | 8.37 | 5.00 | ||||||||||||
| Israel | 3.11 | 3.37 | 3.34 | 3.30 | 3.37 | 3.27 | 3.27 | 3.24 | 3.10 | 1.29 | ||||||||
| Lebanon | 21.10 | 6.97 | 5.42 | 4.27 | 3.60 | 2.90 | 2.91 | 2.83 | 2.65 | 3.91 | 3.85 | 4.66 | 6.07 | |||||
| Libya | 1.50 | 1.50 | ||||||||||||||||
| Malta | 2.39 | 2.33 | 3.78 | 3.51 | 3.71 | 4.13 | ||||||||||||
| Yemen | 5.38 | 3.11 | 2.91 | 2.13 | 2.33 | 5.43 | ||||||||||||
| Canada | 2.18 | 1.25 | 1.78 | 1.69 | 2.01 | 2.08 | 2.03 | 2.03 | 2.09 | 2.27 | 2.20 | 2.18 | ||||||
| United States of America | 1.47 | 2.50 | 3.39 | 3.04 | 3.12 | 3.19 | 3.16 | 3.19 | 3.22 | 3.21 | 3.19 | 3.17 | 2.97 | 3.21 | 3.16 | 3.21 | ||
| Bangladesh | 7.72 | 9.44 | 3.17 | 4.92 | 5.76 | 5.95 | 7.02 | 6.19 | 7.28 | 3.84 | 3.53 | 6.01 | 2.09 | -0.14 | ||||
| Maldives | 5.47 | 4.75 | 3.22 | 2.20 | 3.24 | 4.27 | 7.26 | 6.65 | 7.18 | 8.02 | 8.10 | 8.07 | 7.43 | 8.18 | ||||
| Pakistan | 1.89 | 1.50 | 1.30 | 2.52 | 2.66 | 1.84 | 3.04 | 2.77 | 2.21 | -1.06 | 2.11 | 1.08 | ||||||
| Sri Lanka | 1.74 | 1.65 | 1.78 | 1.19 | 1.99 | 1.24 | 0.31 | 0.50 | 1.51 | 1.78 | 2.15 | |||||||
| Angola | 36.09 | 11.72 | 11.83 | 13.21 | 12.74 | 12.10 | 9.68 | 0.69 | -0.54 | 7.55 | 6.21 | 3.16 | 0.04 | 9.77 | 6.40 | |||
| केप वर्दे | 7.15 | 5.85 | 5.72 | 7.13 | 9.39 | 9.26 | 8.96 | 8.86 | 7.97 | 8.04 | 7.19 | 6.62 | 6.83 | 6.53 | ||||
| Ethiopia | 3.00 | 8.16 | 6.75 | |||||||||||||||
| Guinea | 5.17 | |||||||||||||||||
| Kenya | 3.49 | 10.27 | 4.45 | 10.77 | 6.32 | 7.14 | 8.39 | 7.58 | 5.16 | 8.05 | 5.30 | 5.30 | 5.55 | 5.14 | 5.12 | 4.16 | 1.38 | |
| Lesotho | 8.06 | 4.49 | 4.99 | 5.08 | 4.66 | 4.62 | 4.35 | 4.28 | 4.88 | 5.18 | 4.89 | 4.89 | 4.71 | 4.82 | 3.81 | 3.74 | ||
| Madagascar | 12.43 | 7.03 | 36.67 | 42.92 | 49.20 | 52.31 | 51.57 | 47.76 | 51.62 | 51.26 | 47.76 | 42.37 | 41.96 | 42.59 | 42.87 | 43.86 | ||
| Malawi | 8.08 | 13.61 | 8.68 | 17.46 | 17.19 | 18.00 | 16.45 | 23.63 | 20.49 | 16.52 | 19.58 | 18.68 | 16.94 | 15.71 | 14.16 | 14.77 | 19.85 | |
| Mauritania | 13.54 | 12.50 | 8.56 | 16.94 | 16.97 | 14.41 | 13.53 | 13.34 | 12.67 | 12.33 | ||||||||
| Mauritius | 14.60 | 5.05 | 4.96 | 5.04 | 5.65 | 6.14 | 6.36 | 5.82 | 6.29 | 5.05 | 5.43 | 6.17 | 6.20 | 6.14 | 5.43 | |||
| Mozambique | 2.07 | 10.37 | 4.27 | 3.86 | 11.54 | 11.19 | 9.47 | 9.00 | 5.91 | 2.59 | 6.75 | 6.23 | 7.70 | 5.38 | 4.68 | 5.80 | ||
| Namibia | 5.01 | 3.52 | 3.26 | 3.11 | 3.11 | 2.86 | 2.89 | 2.84 | 3.25 | 1.66 | 2.15 | 2.26 | 2.63 | 2.29 | 2.17 | 2.36 | ||
| Nigeria | 5.77 | 10.12 | 13.74 | 6.32 | 3.16 | 5.87 | 6.01 | 7.46 | 6.73 | 4.14 | 6.82 | 5.74 | 12.01 | 9.32 | 8.77 | 9.28 | ||
| Rwanda | 6.05 | 10.54 | 10.29 | 7.29 | 8.39 | 12.84 | 14.02 | 11.25 | 10.26 | 11.85 | 11.31 | 10.80 | 9.85 | 10.33 | 7.91 | |||
| Seychelles | 2.48 | 5.74 | 6.43 | 9.66 | 6.96 | 1.45 | 8.35 | 8.01 | 3.27 | 5.93 | 6.77 | 7.12 | 7.08 | 6.91 | 5.41 | 7.98 | 7.96 | |
| Sierra Leone | 2.50 | 5.00 | 0.03 | 1.61 | 4.04 | -3.45 | -1.40 | 12.51 | 17.05 | 16.67 | 9.94 | 5.69 | 8.01 | 9.53 | 9.93 | 17.15 | 15.46 | 18.25 |
| South Africa | 3.77 | 3.20 | 4.39 | 3.72 | 3.41 | 3.51 | 3.46 | 3.42 | 3.33 | 3.36 | 3.23 | 3.05 | 2.93 | 3.04 | 3.16 | 3.26 | 3.64 | 3.56 |
| South Sudan | 9.03 | 10.56 | 15.66 | 10.78 | 0.68 | -10.05 | -4.23 | -4.76 | -4.32 | -4.32 | -4.12 | -4.05 | ||||||
| इस्वातिनी | 3.36 | 5.70 | 3.55 | 3.15 | 2.93 | 1.88 | 2.19 | 2.20 | 2.60 | 3.05 | 2.67 | 2.61 | 2.41 | 2.08 | 2.34 | 1.70 | 1.81 | |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 11.79 | 4.58 | 9.79 | 6.65 | 1.91 | 1.64 | 2.73 | 3.20 | -0.22 | 6.67 | 10.99 | 9.26 | 12.26 | |||||
| Gambia | 9.00 | 11.92 | 12.42 | 13.84 | 16.19 | 15.54 | 18.28 | 19.06 | 19.49 | 19.86 | 16.10 | 14.27 | 9.00 | |||||
| Uganda | 9.73 | 11.14 | 15.16 | 7.22 | 10.45 | 13.36 | 11.36 | 6.77 | 8.00 | 10.68 | 10.04 | |||||||
| Zambia | 9.19 | 7.43 | 11.89 | 14.64 | 9.28 | 2.02 | -1.92 | -3.78 | -5.77 | -8.78 | -2.11 | -5.07 | -10.84 | -11.32 |