Public expenditure on education as % of GDP is the total public expenditure (current and capital) on education expressed as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in a given year. Public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration, and transfers/subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
| 1970 | 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 4.1 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 4.8 |
| Denmark | 6.0 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 7.2 | 8.5 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 5.3 | |
| Finland | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 6.5 | |
| France | 3.4 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.4 | |
| Greece | 1.5 | 2.0 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 4.1 | |
| Ireland | 4.6 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.0 | ||
| Italy | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 4.2 | ||
| Luxembourg | 2.3 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 4.7 | |
| Netherlands | 6.2 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.1 |
| Spain | 1.8 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.3 |
| Malta | 3.8 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 7.7 | 6.3 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.6 | 5.4 | ||
| Belgium | 5.5 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 6.4 | |||
| Cyprus | 3.3 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.2 | ||
| Norway | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 7.0 | 4.0 | |
| Portugal | 3.6 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.8 | ||
| United Kingdom | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.9 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 5.0 | |
| Bulgaria | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.7 | ||
| Sweden | 5.2 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 7.6 | ||
| Switzerland | 3.4 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.9 |
| Czech Republic | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.8 | |||
| Hungary | 3.5 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.7 | |
| Iceland | 4.3 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 7.1 | |
| Poland | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.7 | |||
| Slovakia | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.8 | |||
| Germany | 4.1 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 4.5 | ||
| Estonia | 5.3 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.3 | |||
| Latvia | 3.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.6 | ||
| Lithuania | 6.0 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.3 | |||
| Slovenia | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 5.4 | |||
| Romania | 2.9 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.3 | |||
| Croatia | 6.1 | 5.4 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 4.1 | |||
| Liechtenstein | 2.6 |