Net energy imports are estimated as energy use less production, both measured in oil equivalents. A negative value indicates that the country is a net exporter. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | -74.9 | -117.6 | -131.1 | -146.7 | -141.9 | -149.2 | -164.7 | -185.6 | -197.4 | -206.2 | -205.7 | -211.9 | -226.6 | -232.9 | -227.9 | -236.8 | -208.5 |
| Japan | 86.1 | 82.8 | 83.5 | 81.7 | 90.8 | 96.1 | 95.7 | 95.6 | 94.8 | 93.8 | 93.1 | 91.4 | 90.6 | 89.6 | 88.7 | 90.0 | 87.2 |
| Republic of Korea | 76.6 | 88.9 | 83.4 | 88.1 | 87.2 | 86.5 | 88.1 | 86.9 | 86.7 | 86.9 | 88.5 | 89.5 | 88.2 | 84.5 | 84.9 | 85.5 | 84.6 |
| New Zealand | 16.3 | 19.6 | 29.3 | 16.1 | 19.1 | 19.8 | 24.3 | 22.5 | 23.9 | 28.7 | 28.8 | 33.2 | 31.7 | 30.5 | 29.3 | 28.9 | 31.5 |
| Austria | 69.8 | 66.9 | 73.4 | 64.3 | 71.9 | 65.5 | 62.9 | 67.5 | 62.1 | 64.1 | 65.9 | 66.5 | 74.5 | 59.8 | 53.2 | 77.1 | 63.7 |
| Belgium | 83.0 | 87.2 | 91.9 | 89.2 | 86.6 | 86.2 | 87.2 | 89.6 | 95.2 | 86.2 | 86.9 | 99.6 | 90.8 | 88.9 | 81.4 | 86.7 | 89.7 |
| Czech Republic | 15.3 | 22.8 | 28.1 | 25.6 | 28.9 | 25.4 | 27.7 | 30.3 | 32.1 | 32.9 | 37.3 | 37.1 | 41.0 | 38.8 | 40.1 | 42.0 | 41.6 |
| Denmark | 49.8 | -40.1 | -55.2 | -17.6 | -6.9 | -3.5 | 13.3 | 13.5 | 14.4 | 15.0 | 12.5 | 25.2 | 43.8 | 48.3 | 34.9 | 47.4 | 44.4 |
| Finland | 62.8 | 57.1 | 55.9 | 49.3 | 54.6 | 47.5 | 50.1 | 50.3 | 48.6 | 46.7 | 45.3 | 46.9 | 44.5 | 44.0 | 38.7 | 42.3 | 31.8 |
| France | 53.3 | 52.7 | 53.1 | 50.4 | 50.8 | 50.0 | 49.8 | 47.9 | 47.6 | 49.2 | 50.7 | 48.8 | 49.6 | 45.8 | 45.6 | 54.4 | 47.2 |
| Germany | 47.6 | 61.1 | 62.5 | 62.1 | 64.0 | 63.4 | 64.6 | 64.0 | 64.4 | 66.3 | 66.6 | 66.2 | 69.9 | 65.4 | 65.4 | 71.7 | 69.8 |
| Greece | 71.5 | 80.2 | 76.3 | 77.0 | 73.1 | 73.1 | 69.1 | 73.0 | 79.1 | 81.4 | 81.9 | 82.0 | 87.5 | 91.2 | 84.6 | 92.9 | 90.3 |
| Hungary | 49.2 | 55.5 | 62.9 | 57.0 | 50.4 | 50.2 | 50.1 | 59.7 | 53.8 | 55.8 | 62.7 | 58.4 | 69.8 | 56.4 | 54.0 | 64.5 | 62.5 |
| Ireland | 71.1 | 89.3 | 95.0 | 92.1 | 95.6 | 89.8 | 94.6 | 91.3 | 95.3 | 74.3 | 71.5 | 73.4 | 75.5 | 74.3 | 80.7 | 86.0 | 86.0 |
| Italy | 86.8 | 88.9 | 85.7 | 85.5 | 84.1 | 81.8 | 79.3 | 78.4 | 79.6 | 80.5 | 81.2 | 81.0 | 82.2 | 76.9 | 76.6 | 83.6 | 79.8 |
| Luxembourg | 103.4 | 109.1 | 107.0 | 107.0 | 106.7 | 106.4 | 106.2 | 106.9 | 107.7 | 109.6 | 110.2 | 110.2 | 109.5 | 107.2 | 108.6 | 110.1 | 106.3 |
| Netherlands | 27.7 | 46.5 | 46.5 | 34.0 | 36.3 | 37.3 | 28.8 | 38.1 | 55.8 | 54.1 | 60.3 | 69.1 | 78.3 | 81.9 | 69.9 | 98.9 | 87.6 |
| Norway | -454.2 | -765.5 | -689.3 | -557.9 | -620.3 | -598.5 | -535.3 | -597.0 | -719.2 | -647.8 | -626.9 | -597.1 | -596.8 | -648.6 | -647.0 | -750.4 | -741.0 |
| Poland | 0.8 | 10.8 | 17.8 | 32.0 | 34.2 | 31.7 | 26.5 | 29.7 | 30.2 | 31.2 | 38.8 | 44.1 | 45.9 | 43.0 | 41.1 | 46.8 | 48.9 |
| Spain | 67.0 | 82.1 | 87.7 | 83.5 | 83.5 | 79.9 | 76.7 | 80.1 | 80.0 | 78.9 | 80.9 | 81.0 | 82.9 | 73.5 | 75.5 | 82.9 | 77.1 |
| Portugal | 88.9 | 89.7 | 92.7 | 79.5 | 82.8 | 85.1 | 78.8 | 77.4 | 84.3 | 80.6 | 87.2 | 85.3 | 84.4 | 71.5 | 73.8 | 81.6 | 77.7 |
| Switzerland | 61.7 | 56.7 | 63.1 | 57.5 | 57.2 | 57.5 | 57.5 | 53.9 | 56.1 | 59.7 | 60.2 | 53.6 | 55.0 | 50.0 | 52.0 | 51.3 | 51.2 |
| Slovakia | 77.0 | 65.0 | 65.6 | 61.3 | 62.6 | 58.2 | 57.7 | 59.9 | 57.4 | 57.6 | 61.9 | 60.9 | 69.6 | 56.0 | 52.0 | 69.0 | 57.3 |
| Turkey | 54.0 | 66.4 | 73.6 | 71.8 | 72.3 | 76.5 | 76.7 | 78.7 | 80.4 | 77.3 | 79.2 | 75.8 | 72.2 | 71.3 | 72.1 | 72.7 | 71.7 |
| Sweden | 38.9 | 40.5 | 39.5 | 39.1 | 38.5 | 31.5 | 34.0 | 34.1 | 32.9 | 35.4 | 28.7 | 30.7 | 32.0 | 34.4 | 22.5 | 28.7 | 28.3 |
| United Kingdom | 2.3 | -18.1 | 14.2 | 30.8 | 39.5 | 46.0 | 50.6 | 49.7 | 40.3 | 38.0 | 38.0 | 38.2 | 36.5 | 28.5 | 39.0 | 39.5 | 44.3 |
| Chile | 50.1 | 70.5 | 72.2 | 72.3 | 73.8 | 67.1 | 65.9 | 67.3 | 68.2 | 69.2 | 68.4 | 67.7 | 69.2 | 66.7 | 68.9 | 66.5 | 63.5 |
| Mexico | -56.5 | -48.0 | -44.1 | -22.6 | -17.7 | -11.8 | -10.5 | -7.9 | -0.8 | 5.0 | 11.5 | 16.9 | 18.4 | 11.0 | 15.5 | 16.3 | 13.9 |
| Israel | 99.5 | 99.6 | 96.6 | 88.3 | 81.0 | 95.6 | 84.5 | 76.6 | 76.8 | 68.6 | 74.1 | 68.0 | 70.7 | 43.3 | 28.7 | 25.9 | 14.1 |
| Canada | -28.0 | -50.6 | -48.0 | -55.2 | -56.3 | -59.8 | -65.8 | -66.8 | -68.5 | -69.2 | -71.8 | -75.0 | -75.9 | -79.8 | -85.6 | -87.7 | -87.2 |
| United States of America | 17.9 | 26.7 | 31.8 | 24.1 | 20.7 | 17.5 | 14.4 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 12.3 | 8.1 | 3.6 | -0.9 | -4.0 | -4.2 | -6.5 | -8.4 |
| Estonia | 42.0 | 34.7 | 27.8 | 15.4 | 14.3 | 22.5 | 15.8 | 12.5 | 12.0 | 8.6 | 4.8 | 1.4 | 5.1 | 11.4 | 1.7 | 6.8 | 1.8 |
| Slovenia | 45.9 | 51.8 | 50.9 | 48.7 | 47.8 | 51.5 | 47.3 | 44.8 | 49.1 | 49.2 | 51.2 | 52.3 | 53.0 | 45.8 | 48.8 | 53.7 | 48.9 |