Public expenditure on education as % of GDP is the total public expenditure (current and capital) on education expressed as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in a given year. Public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration, and transfers/subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
| 1970 | 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brunei Darussalam | 6.2 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 4.4 | ||||||||||
| Cambodia | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | |||
| Fiji | 5.9 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 4.2 | |||
| Indonesia | 2.9 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.3 | |||
| Republic of Korea | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.9 | ||||||||
| Lao People’s Democratic Republic | 1.5 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.2 | ||
| Malaysia | 6.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 3.6 | |||
| Mongolia | 5.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 4.7 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 3.7 | |||
| Myanmar | 0.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |||||||||
| Papua New Guinea | 1.7 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 1.3 | |||||||||||
| Philippines | 3.2 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.6 | ||||||
| Singapore | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.2 | ||
| Thailand | 5.3 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.5 | ||
| Timor-Leste | 11.1 | 10.2 | 7.2 | 5.7 | 7.7 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.0 | ||||||
| Vanuatu | 7.0 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 7.7 | 4.5 | 8.6 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 10.1 | 10.7 | 10.6 | |||||||
| Viet Nam | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.9 | |||||
| Azerbaijan | 3.9 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 3.6 | ||
| Belarus | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.2 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.0 | ||
| Turkmenistan | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 2.7 | ||||||||||||
| Uzbekistan | 5.8 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 6.3 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.5 | |||||
| Antigua and Barbuda | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 3.6 | |||||||
| Barbados | 4.7 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 6.1 | 5.2 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.0 | |||
| Belize | 3.7 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 4.3 | |||
| Bolivia | 6.7 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 7.6 | ||||
| Chile | 2.3 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.0 | ||||
| Colombia | 3.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cuba | 7.7 | 10.6 | 12.8 | 11.6 | 10.7 | 9.6 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.4 | ||||||||
| Dominica | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 3.4 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 4.7 | ||||||
| Dominican Republic | 2.6 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 3.9 | ||||
| Ecuador | 2.0 | 1.2 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.9 | ||
| Grenada | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 3.9 | |||||||||
| Guatemala | 1.9 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | |||
| Guyana | 4.3 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.5 | |||||||
| Haiti | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.3 | |||||||||
| Honduras | 6.3 | 5.9 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 4.4 | 4.0 | ||||||
| Jamaica | 4.8 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.7 | |
| Nicaragua | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 3.8 | ||||||
| Panama | 4.0 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 3.4 | ||||||
| Peru | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.2 | ||
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 4.7 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.6 | |||
| Saint Lucia | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 5.2 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.7 | |||||
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 7.3 | 6.0 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 7.2 | |||||||||
| Suriname | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 6.8 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 2.9 | |||||||||
| Bahamas | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 2.8 | ||||
| Trinidad and Tobago | 3.7 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 3.0 | 2.9 | |||
| Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 4.2 | 2.4 | ||||||||||||||||
| Algeria | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 4.7 | 5.6 | ||||||
| Bahrain | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.0 | ||||
| Djibouti | 9.7 | 8.4 | 4.5 | 6.4 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.8 | ||||||||
| Egypt | 4.8 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 3.9 | |||||||||||
| Iran | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.9 | ||
| Jordan | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.2 | |||||||||||
| Kuwait | 4.7 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 7.8 | 6.6 | 5.0 | |||||||||
| Lebanon | 2.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 1.7 | ||||||||
| Morocco | 4.5 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.0 | ||||||
| Oman | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 6.0 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 6.9 | 4.2 | |||||||||
| Qatar | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 3.2 | ||||||||
| Saudi Arabia | 5.9 | 5.4 | 5.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Tunisia | 5.8 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.7 | |||||||
| United Arab Emirates | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | |||||||||||||||
| फिलिस्तीन | 6.2 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 5.4 | ||||||||||
| Yemen | 9.7 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 5.5 | |||||||||||||
| Afghanistan | 3.5 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 4.5 | 4.3 | ||||||||||
| Bangladesh | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.8 | |||
| Bhutan | 5.8 | 6.8 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 6.6 | 7.5 | 5.8 | |||
| India | 4.3 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 4.1 | |||
| Maldives | 5.7 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 5.8 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 5.2 | ||
| Nepal | 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.7 | ||
| Pakistan | 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | |
| Sri Lanka | 2.4 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.8 | ||||
| Angola | 2.6 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | |||
| Benin | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.4 | |||
| Botswana | 5.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 8.1 | ||||||
| Burkina Faso | 3.9 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | |||||
| Burundi | 3.4 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.8 | ||
| केप वर्दे | 5.1 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 6.0 | 4.7 | ||||||
| Cameroon | 3.3 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.6 | ||
| Central African Republic | 2.2 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.1 | ||
| Chad | 2.6 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.5 | |||
| Comoros | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | ||||||||||
| Congo | 5.7 | 1.7 | 5.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 3.0 | |||||
| Côte d'Ivoire | 5.9 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.4 | |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.0 | |||||||||
| Ethiopia | 3.9 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.7 | ||||
| Gabon | 3.8 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 2.2 | ||||
| Ghana | 7.4 | 5.5 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 2.9 | ||||
| Guinea | 1.8 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |||
| Guinea Bissau | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Kenya | 5.2 | 7.3 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.0 | ||
| Lesotho | 10.1 | 12.1 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 6.7 | |||
| Liberia | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.3 | |||||||
| Madagascar | 2.4 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | |||
| Malawi | 2.2 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.3 | |||||||
| Mali | 3.0 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.0 | |||
| Mauritania | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.6 | |||||||
| Mauritius | 3.1 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.6 | |
| Mozambique | 3.9 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.2 | ||||
| Namibia | 6.9 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 9.2 | 8.6 | 9.6 | 9.9 | 10.6 | 9.7 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 9.7 | 9.0 | |||
| Niger | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.1 | |||
| Nigeria | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | |||||
| Rwanda | 3.4 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 4.9 | |||
| Sao Tome and Principe | 4.9 | 10.0 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.2 | |||||
| Senegal | 2.5 | 4.1 | 0.5 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 6.0 | |||
| Seychelles | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 5.6 | 4.7 | |||
| Sierra Leone | 4.9 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 8.8 | 9.4 | 8.5 | 6.8 | |||
| South Africa | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 6.1 | |
| Sudan | 1.0 | 1.2 | ||||||||||||||||
| इस्वातिनी | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 7.1 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 6.3 | |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 1.5 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 | ||
| Gambia | 2.8 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | |
| Togo | 1.5 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 3.8 | ||
| Uganda | 2.5 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | |||
| Zambia | 4.4 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 3.6 | |||
| Zimbabwe | 12.5 | 1.5 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 2.1 |