Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students (ISCED97 level 6) engaged in R&D are included.
| 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 3,470.7 | 4,379.2 | 4,430.5 | 4,720.8 | 4,782.1 | 5,009.4 | 5,073.4 | 5,400.3 | 5,416.1 | 5,682.4 | 5,958.9 | 5,829.3 | 6,323.0 | 6,658.5 | |
| Belgium | 2,982.6 | 3,173.1 | 3,755.6 | 3,880.2 | 4,116.6 | 4,161.6 | 4,544.9 | 4,731.8 | 4,798.3 | 4,757.3 | 5,040.0 | 5,290.9 | 5,418.9 | 6,596.7 | 6,983.2 |
| Cyprus | 438.8 | 930.3 | 1,104.8 | 1,092.0 | 1,022.0 | 1,026.7 | 1,051.3 | 1,010.6 | 1,058.6 | 1,209.6 | 1,408.2 | 1,657.7 | 1,739.9 | 1,743.1 | 1,727.6 |
| Estonia | 1,902.6 | 2,451.2 | 3,057.8 | 3,392.8 | 3,457.8 | 3,338.4 | 3,285.6 | 3,188.5 | 3,296.4 | 3,552.5 | 3,766.1 | 3,770.4 | 3,836.4 | 4,036.1 | 4,654.9 |
| Finland | 7,558.7 | 7,740.9 | 7,442.0 | 7,492.5 | 7,222.8 | 7,022.2 | 6,856.0 | 6,543.7 | 6,731.5 | 6,872.7 | 7,245.9 | 7,548.3 | 7,870.4 | 8,073.1 | |
| France | 2,903.0 | 3,297.8 | 3,849.6 | 3,920.7 | 4,052.2 | 4,133.6 | 4,210.0 | 4,310.7 | 4,392.0 | 4,546.8 | 4,670.5 | 4,774.0 | 4,883.2 | 5,058.1 | 5,181.8 |
| Germany | 3,154.5 | 3,315.8 | 4,056.4 | 4,191.5 | 4,355.6 | 4,380.4 | 4,336.0 | 4,755.3 | 4,839.8 | 5,058.4 | 5,209.2 | 5,398.6 | 5,390.1 | 5,520.6 | 5,787.4 |
| Greece | 1,787.2 | 2,217.3 | 2,236.3 | 2,655.5 | 2,733.9 | 3,196.5 | 2,726.6 | 3,250.6 | 3,416.1 | 3,644.6 | 4,008.2 | 4,244.4 | 4,926.8 | ||
| Ireland | 2,255.7 | 2,821.3 | 3,116.6 | 3,341.4 | 4,873.7 | 5,141.7 | 5,291.0 | 5,242.1 | 5,143.9 | 5,114.2 | 4,656.8 | 4,961.4 | 5,196.1 | 5,213.4 | 5,511.7 |
| Italy | 1,154.7 | 1,412.6 | 1,722.7 | 1,760.6 | 1,831.3 | 1,916.3 | 1,947.3 | 2,075.8 | 2,209.6 | 2,322.4 | 2,524.3 | 2,670.7 | 2,614.7 | 2,658.9 | 2,795.5 |
| Latvia | 1,601.0 | 1,458.1 | 1,837.0 | 1,902.4 | 1,909.0 | 1,790.9 | 1,872.3 | 1,818.8 | 1,600.6 | 1,785.2 | 1,786.3 | 1,891.2 | 2,134.1 | 2,395.3 | 2,270.1 |
| Lithuania | 2,215.1 | 2,276.4 | 2,736.5 | 2,748.0 | 2,670.6 | 2,878.7 | 3,082.3 | 2,794.9 | 2,950.4 | 3,068.3 | 3,181.0 | 3,445.3 | 3,643.2 | 3,946.5 | 4,153.7 |
| Luxembourg | 3,800.2 | 4,826.4 | 5,200.1 | 5,525.7 | 4,402.0 | 4,661.6 | 4,782.9 | 4,636.4 | 4,802.2 | 4,969.2 | 4,754.9 | 5,090.8 | 4,688.8 | 4,939.1 | 4,879.2 |
| Netherlands | 2,637.9 | 2,909.0 | 3,210.0 | 3,648.1 | 4,336.1 | 4,887.4 | 4,926.1 | 4,891.8 | 5,109.2 | 5,273.2 | 5,496.8 | 5,592.1 | 5,799.3 | 6,003.9 | 6,319.2 |
| Portugal | 1,633.8 | 2,013.3 | 3,923.8 | 4,166.1 | 4,032.3 | 3,605.8 | 3,658.4 | 3,724.6 | 3,992.1 | 4,348.1 | 4,614.4 | 4,859.2 | 5,131.4 | 5,430.9 | 5,686.7 |
| Slovakia | 1,850.5 | 2,031.1 | 2,817.4 | 2,840.9 | 2,827.1 | 2,723.2 | 2,723.7 | 2,658.9 | 2,609.1 | 2,803.1 | 3,003.4 | 3,116.8 | 3,167.4 | 3,211.1 | 3,387.5 |
| Slovenia | 2,183.7 | 2,634.5 | 3,770.4 | 4,288.0 | 4,330.7 | 4,236.5 | 4,166.9 | 3,836.5 | 3,939.8 | 4,510.8 | 4,880.5 | 5,060.6 | 5,187.2 | 5,235.2 | 5,370.4 |
| Spain | 1,874.1 | 2,516.2 | 2,880.0 | 2,775.3 | 2,693.4 | 2,623.6 | 2,614.4 | 2,622.5 | 2,712.7 | 2,847.4 | 2,984.3 | 3,048.2 | 3,051.6 | 3,229.6 | 3,387.5 |
| Malta | 1,162.4 | 1,391.9 | 1,761.1 | 1,968.7 | 1,880.5 | 1,835.3 | 1,865.3 | 1,989.6 | 2,027.4 | 1,904.9 | 1,902.7 | 1,964.9 | 2,157.6 | 2,427.6 |