Changes in net reserves is the net change in a country's holdings of international reserves resulting from transactions on the current, capital, and financial accounts. Reserve assets are those external assets that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, and include holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights (SDRs), reserve position in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other reserve assets. Also included are net credit and loans from the IMF (excluding reserve position) and total exceptional financing. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
| 1970 | 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angola | -1,20,88,93,872 | 31,78,47,278 | 1,43,76,89,164 | 5,55,80,86,304 | 8,44,89,17,670 | 3,98,11,74,408 | 3,30,91,311 | -3,43,00,95,248 | -2,69,38,90,750 | 52,61,09,717 | -4,87,35,35,655 | -1,51,54,75,184 | 47,20,55,569 | -4,42,83,95,981 | -1,93,43,34,746 | 87,58,74,224 | 82,84,29,116 | 91,08,53,540 | |
| Lesotho | 1,29,65,834 | 1,77,92,891 | 4,36,54,432 | -20,93,71,431 | 6,57,08,621 | 10,92,81,442 | 21,15,74,192 | 12,45,01,923 | 11,33,21,103 | -16,02,85,461 | -19,56,48,660 | 7,87,33,256 | 7,16,22,435 | 7,79,59,704 | 8,24,92,767 | -9,67,98,723 | 1,66,88,946 | 25,88,85,985 | |
| Mozambique | -12,10,82,564 | 20,10,62,153 | 24,36,90,818 | 37,74,26,571 | 39,60,67,232 | -10,73,40,768 | -74,91,53,717 | -50,33,25,234 | 1,09,26,03,524 | -53,14,60,229 | 39,58,20,693 | -35,82,40,007 | -78,62,53,777 | -71,59,19,188 | 67,51,35,662 | 10,16,94,307 | |||
| केप वर्दे | -69,74,754 | -2,88,77,897 | 6,49,30,356 | 2,83,08,213 | -4,83,94,834 | 4,91,68,870 | 7,02,38,314 | 9,08,05,821 | 3,68,78,101 | 9,03,54,242 | -1,17,66,263 | 1,32,07,910 | 14,73,85,842 | -13,65,28,597 | -4,73,502 | 1,11,67,551 | 2,86,55,024 | 3,49,50,093 | |
| Djibouti | -38,27,972 | -66,10,716 | 1,30,37,346 | -92,37,828 | -1,33,41,387 | 17,52,89,858 | -3,00,28,754 | -2,48,64,918 | 4,31,98,600 | 16,24,05,632 | -10,45,66,615 | 4,49,39,846 | 14,68,77,566 | -9,37,21,634 | 23,07,849 | -8,12,13,249 | -14,89,09,747 | ||
| Algeria | -1,04,02,131 | 16,90,37,29,032 | 15,20,72,53,412 | 20,19,38,92,433 | 12,03,99,98,089 | 10,72,88,203 | -5,86,80,26,717 | -27,34,71,79,851 | -26,27,16,24,596 | -21,75,48,81,842 | -15,84,15,02,837 | -16,98,39,44,439 | -16,50,36,41,825 | -1,51,54,84,361 | 18,99,45,13,543 | 6,33,52,85,329 | |||
| Egypt | -10,22,40,81,777 | -2,03,02,27,240 | 5,22,63,28,140 | -21,81,55,339 | -19,73,56,37,149 | -5,79,23,97,806 | 90,33,06,006 | -3,20,87,63,814 | -67,38,08,463 | 4,68,63,15,122 | 8,81,07,34,334 | 3,23,69,04,717 | -2,03,49,82,946 | -14,06,03,19,362 | -89,77,77,821 | -9,23,92,81,407 | 2,40,64,15,294 | ||
| Libya | 1,15,78,02,360 | 5,35,69,85,451 | 13,83,96,98,415 | 4,16,98,99,153 | 3,36,85,48,332 | 13,40,85,40,192 | -6,93,74,73,438 | -21,57,83,20,477 | -11,85,11,56,781 | -6,84,61,14,264 | 2,54,18,15,204 | 7,21,57,84,157 | -48,49,38,586 | -8,01,32,57,366 | -1,19,75,29,621 | ||||
| Morocco | 1,69,74,79,488 | -1,16,64,31,313 | 44,87,42,772 | -3,01,23,76,371 | -6,41,25,93,527 | -8,36,81,78,955 | -5,25,83,35,161 | 4,03,51,75,222 | 4,30,66,40,260 | 2,76,95,57,377 | -76,89,59,401 | -1,03,81,44,704 | 1,93,77,40,953 | 4,37,97,02,711 | 2,43,74,95,395 | -18,08,88,175 | 1,92,12,95,273 | ||
| Tunisia | 33,25,35,562 | -20,49,94,988 | 93,60,27,193 | -16,97,91,601 | -1,67,77,13,221 | 1,36,60,72,812 | -84,76,35,831 | -13,17,21,903 | 8,23,83,914 | -83,08,75,120 | -2,55,65,354 | 24,72,10,313 | 1,96,04,02,133 | 83,14,70,262 | 17,27,60,955 | -3,98,54,237 | 1,51,15,46,081 | ||
| Benin | -9,95,57,270 | -2,03,21,992 | -5,16,34,026 | -29,44,32,497 | -53,18,17,791 | -39,48,44,096 | -5,27,31,019 | 10,61,14,616 | 7,95,65,511 | -56,48,94,688 | 44,43,07,544 | 23,47,79,045 | 2,67,45,825 | 1,11,71,179 | -6,71,279 | -58,56,01,076 | |||
| Botswana | 30,72,45,028 | 36,74,11,844 | 2,02,13,25,403 | -98,76,25,916 | 11,44,94,360 | -87,81,78,092 | -27,05,27,133 | 64,12,26,260 | -41,95,30,390 | -31,83,65,065 | -45,07,94,549 | -41,05,03,522 | -1,11,93,41,471 | -1,75,31,03,647 | -26,12,75,525 | 36,45,69,540 | 12,44,65,721 | ||
| Burkina Faso | -46,57,25,606 | -73,41,60,216 | -10,23,59,565 | -1,85,64,909 | -42,45,77,454 | -28,29,31,020 | 1,36,36,237 | -2,70,52,303 | 50,82,44,319 | 5,44,34,010 | 16,26,14,075 | -25,85,05,541 | 13,24,56,003 | -1,61,86,78,550 | 49,87,73,634 | ||||
| Burundi | -32,26,484 | -14,48,21,098 | -29,27,45,233 | -93,19,973 | -3,52,06,689 | 2,75,75,443 | 1,46,99,039 | 1,60,365 | -16,31,62,757 | -2,10,97,726 | 1,98,78,610 | -1,24,38,663 | 6,03,13,569 | 2,03,741 | 11,37,35,389 | -8,87,76,353 | -12,98,02,240 | ||
| Cameroon | -87,05,58,826 | -26,57,36,574 | -39,68,59,294 | 70,49,321 | -32,61,52,369 | 11,87,03,003 | -7,06,93,306 | 13,04,72,734 | 73,80,06,926 | -1,22,49,50,809 | 40,76,24,203 | 28,71,37,473 | 24,52,11,196 | -54,48,65,251 | 48,66,10,331 | 85,51,98,265 | -59,48,07,754 | ||
| Central African Republic | -2,10,88,160 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chad | -2,28,72,521 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Comoros | -48,37,731 | -58,45,986 | -8,99,93,519 | -50,76,415 | 3,07,06,312 | 20,30,984 | -56,58,786 | -3,50,53,730 | 1,21,11,997 | -26,84,648 | -73,22,457 | 3,72,00,353 | 5,36,22,215 | -2,91,72,773 | -76,64,876 | ||||
| Congo | -36,38,53,983 | -24,34,16,834 | 51,06,93,884 | 92,27,28,160 | 1,44,04,50,015 | -19,02,21,307 | -50,89,30,047 | 37,99,28,833 | -2,22,93,03,980 | -1,64,79,57,301 | 51,38,93,928 | -1,94,25,980 | -23,15,99,678 | ||||||
| Côte d'Ivoire | -31,52,38,586 | 1,42,87,75,914 | 61,60,36,860 | -62,63,43,016 | -1,65,92,843 | 64,87,31,474 | 58,64,28,030 | -45,97,30,114 | 48,57,79,052 | 24,73,68,888 | 1,07,52,50,162 | 19,96,62,606 | 2,01,42,77,587 | -94,56,66,146 | |||||
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | -4,29,17,866 | -10,64,98,07,910 | -16,53,19,260 | 34,74,42,420 | 3,81,11,096 | -7,50,33,083 | -28,51,13,431 | -51,61,22,981 | 5,91,08,326 | 15,02,52,575 | 31,68,39,915 | -60,73,99,995 | 2,32,30,10,112 | 1,48,29,07,442 | 29,34,15,319 | ||||
| Equatorial Guinea | -57,02,001 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Eritrea | -6,43,31,604 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ethiopia | -19,82,73,437 | -18,95,10,460 | -32,28,63,686 | -98,68,09,040 | -70,88,93,899 | 33,00,41,073 | -14,59,30,741 | -1,26,39,01,822 | -45,77,50,978 | 49,11,45,427 | -37,08,92,497 | -97,47,66,319 | 52,04,17,261 | -1,28,99,30,883 | 86,47,52,036 | 33,31,58,403 | -79,39,12,667 | ||
| Gabon | -26,85,62,909 | 28,04,86,620 | 22,58,87,202 | -12,32,71,734 | 50,55,10,662 | 15,14,75,301 | 53,38,29,107 | -19,46,95,791 | -37,78,77,769 | ||||||||||
| Ghana | 2,76,05,237 | -14,47,60,532 | 12,46,28,046 | 56,06,44,447 | 45,07,47,124 | -47,84,10,869 | -72,32,82,852 | -11,44,31,768 | -8,24,24,063 | 26,11,11,804 | 99,60,18,787 | -81,51,90,671 | 1,25,11,02,772 | -54,00,75,190 | 1,46,68,89,095 | -3,34,63,37,542 | 1,78,48,81,013 | ||
| Guinea | -9,67,30,616 | -6,29,41,471 | 7,11,60,649 | 6,54,00,444 | 62,57,86,614 | -73,43,14,079 | -25,48,69,127 | 51,78,123 | -29,03,46,684 | 16,24,82,239 | 5,70,96,241 | 39,77,56,625 | 11,73,29,393 | -4,04,29,441 | 33,27,09,304 | 8,65,89,893 | -64,18,35,390 | ||
| Guinea Bissau | -3,16,91,034 | -2,28,29,027 | -94,61,63,615 | 6,54,30,425 | -5,78,30,641 | 1,44,95,092 | 12,79,54,255 | 7,10,49,777 | -1,18,83,103 | 5,19,44,649 | 3,36,71,150 | 3,49,20,649 | -4,82,28,509 | 4,17,41,804 | -9,29,37,617 | ||||
| Kenya | -9,25,37,543 | -72,10,340 | 11,71,99,418 | 14,15,99,623 | -1,21,16,91,650 | 1,21,58,59,744 | 39,37,27,147 | 1,37,79,46,798 | -27,25,58,579 | 10,01,19,409 | -11,66,25,211 | 97,44,15,554 | 1,09,12,95,895 | -1,42,54,18,018 | -19,26,89,053 | -2,10,99,12,028 | -95,59,17,482 | ||
| Liberia | -18,56,88,298 | 88,87,37,611 | 3,39,51,877 | -3,37,69,529 | -2,73,44,542 | -3,01,17,477 | 2,10,26,891 | -1,85,79,449 | -8,45,38,852 | -4,12,29,760 | -3,95,84,922 | 2,30,85,275 | 37,48,60,573 | -3,44,45,605 | |||||
| Madagascar | -27,75,90,935 | -15,99,63,149 | -5,56,07,871 | 4,70,59,291 | 11,81,35,757 | -8,77,41,328 | -26,56,35,772 | 41,27,156 | 4,09,99,622 | 29,56,51,644 | 24,01,92,756 | 13,37,75,210 | -11,90,65,503 | -15,35,57,557 | 30,49,62,527 | -11,51,85,010 | |||
| Malawi | 2,86,60,992 | 9,13,85,762 | 4,13,18,388 | 11,42,17,780 | -10,79,76,969 | -1,02,01,086 | 17,71,47,215 | 18,07,30,481 | 10,11,94,571 | -11,39,42,695 | 14,57,49,803 | -16,30,022 | 5,83,76,346 | -42,63,61,604 | -12,97,16,332 | -36,97,38,874 | 7,23,53,023 | ||
| Mali | -6,50,20,735 | 6,27,08,206 | 1,55,16,773 | -17,71,46,924 | 45,98,108 | -8,05,98,963 | -21,29,20,481 | -48,59,38,681 | -16,07,82,402 | -53,84,01,413 | 37,94,48,277 | 15,53,89,639 | 23,54,94,040 | 15,69,24,186 | 48,35,87,791 | -92,87,31,406 | -48,40,24,154 | ||
| Mauritania | -7,24,56,474 | 21,03,15,131 | -6,27,21,459 | -38,57,70,025 | 7,82,05,615 | -14,65,47,886 | 8,07,60,986 | 4,31,19,398 | 18,73,07,119 | 15,36,35,767 | 1,35,19,92,813 | -15,00,10,260 | 11,87,05,799 | ||||||
| Mauritius | 23,19,45,124 | 23,05,91,689 | -16,49,53,501 | 20,90,45,862 | 19,51,25,099 | 19,15,44,199 | 54,10,06,404 | 75,58,47,221 | 56,73,47,570 | 73,95,70,472 | 83,22,84,285 | 49,65,78,681 | 93,93,53,627 | -53,66,94,688 | 1,29,35,62,181 | -31,69,54,431 | -67,48,92,699 | ||
| Namibia | 3,67,94,818 | -21,18,25,769 | -40,11,91,954 | -52,21,31,526 | 32,49,83,600 | 25,06,034 | 6,30,20,746 | -15,28,15,317 | 69,90,58,103 | 14,23,60,011 | 37,53,65,161 | 5,86,02,053 | -21,58,60,529 | 2,96,67,182 | 42,87,90,175 | 2,43,90,364 | 23,55,95,386 | ||
| Niger | -9,03,43,654 | 3,52,36,203 | 3,28,48,383 | 10,59,54,461 | -6,63,02,648 | 31,03,78,767 | 9,77,10,798 | 23,45,44,699 | -16,42,23,903 | 10,09,26,980 | -5,95,59,958 | -21,21,06,971 | 47,90,80,523 | -12,38,61,306 | 26,66,28,280 | -32,77,38,037 | -42,64,51,896 | ||
| Nigeria | 1,04,10,75,804 | 3,08,92,71,863 | 11,33,57,87,996 | -9,69,29,12,667 | 30,58,48,565 | 11,09,77,45,203 | -98,00,99,587 | -8,45,24,87,761 | -5,85,35,33,823 | -98,09,17,731 | 12,24,18,90,189 | 3,28,61,80,061 | -4,49,02,38,393 | -5,04,74,87,523 | 3,60,86,54,133 | -3,38,15,57,620 | -2,75,49,17,394 | ||
| Rwanda | 7,20,94,715 | 23,45,81,693 | -21,24,30,889 | 22,84,98,773 | -9,04,24,191 | -2,85,34,864 | -2,22,65,249 | 8,50,57,901 | 7,07,40,163 | 11,22,59,762 | 13,61,18,769 | 19,72,32,375 | -9,70,03,258 | -8,76,53,392 | |||||
| Sao Tome and Principe | -94,07,229 | -54,87,483 | 3,05,14,535 | 1,32,97,894 | -52,75,275 | -1,07,41,785 | 55,30,942 | -19,55,390 | 41,55,263 | -2,11,91,865 | -1,48,65,485 | -2,02,65,333 | -64,77,556 | -42,32,242 | -64,11,772 | -2,02,07,242 | |||
| Senegal | -13,74,76,589 | -23,15,34,457 | -36,17,50,796 | -52,98,14,441 | -4,74,41,945 | 9,98,73,439 | 8,81,50,053 | 6,47,13,366 | 20,92,35,666 | -35,36,95,224 | 17,79,10,863 | 69,10,83,723 | 57,46,92,632 | -49,96,13,918 | 1,11,62,71,926 | -41,81,43,869 | 25,83,17,347 | ||
| Seychelles | 42,55,151 | 2,62,19,496 | -2,93,73,307 | 30,23,12,103 | 2,24,19,508 | 2,16,72,724 | 9,46,94,213 | 4,11,91,565 | 7,05,54,256 | 75,06,145 | 1,60,64,204 | 94,61,127 | 3,03,29,245 | -5,15,17,949 | 8,16,42,936 | -6,64,61,001 | 1,31,77,534 | ||
| Sierra Leone | -2,09,08,146 | 97,55,229 | -12,95,38,686 | -31,92,31,370 | -14,18,68,057 | -13,42,82,181 | -6,90,41,777 | -96,34,39,861 | -63,73,25,254 | -7,36,79,085 | -4,67,72,544 | -1,41,88,407 | 2,78,67,466 | 2,84,03,198 | 16,15,79,495 | -19,58,18,598 | -25,00,68,495 | ||
| South Africa | -46,40,29,840 | 1,06,69,320 | 47,95,64,168 | 5,76,58,37,011 | 3,79,59,89,103 | 4,70,87,64,729 | 1,19,78,10,183 | 49,90,83,154 | 1,35,98,87,142 | -1,13,91,87,034 | 2,90,02,77,509 | 1,90,51,27,151 | 80,14,36,808 | 1,61,26,06,179 | -7,65,31,91,594 | 4,61,43,78,026 | 4,25,10,07,320 | -21,37,04,732 | |
| South Sudan | -52,13,06,552 | -17,98,50,946 | -16,50,80,667 | 5,62,48,355 | -2,89,15,732 | -2,01,50,74,371 | -1,97,09,92,062 | 3,81,27,26,989 | -2,52,76,874 | -15,70,07,635 | |||||||||
| Sudan | -35,72,59,450 | 9,37,74,143 | 54,24,34,081 | -1,70,19,01,200 | -1,83,81,05,632 | -1,79,02,89,752 | -2,15,66,99,882 | -35,20,25,559 | -30,95,53,621 | -85,61,69,158 | -1,46,01,95,261 | -1,92,07,75,631 | -1,78,01,97,328 | -1,97,91,96,308 | -75,73,67,063 | -2,74,10,00,907 | |||
| इस्वातिनी | 1,10,59,863 | 4,62,54,883 | 11,03,001 | -23,08,61,246 | -22,01,34,374 | 15,17,99,506 | 19,53,87,652 | -2,37,10,633 | -2,37,23,324 | -2,53,00,713 | -5,50,94,475 | -5,99,24,580 | -1,33,16,860 | -1,80,51,492 | 1,45,66,536 | -5,42,46,751 | 4,46,77,171 | ||
| United Republic of Tanzania | -12,59,54,193 | -13,30,409 | -59,47,12,519 | 34,89,18,996 | -16,00,93,770 | 29,51,25,200 | 52,29,46,607 | -24,37,87,723 | -23,11,91,654 | 33,87,68,029 | 1,64,71,83,576 | -77,27,39,354 | 58,74,00,879 | -78,12,48,653 | 1,31,68,38,877 | -1,13,74,44,530 | -29,32,19,502 | ||
| Gambia | 33,93,680 | -4,19,57,165 | -34,08,230 | 4,10,49,561 | 3,69,41,357 | 57,60,353 | -2,49,60,547 | -13,85,92,301 | -7,68,52,167 | -11,34,04,358 | -3,36,87,046 | 1,70,71,223 | -75,35,411 | 24,63,64,210 | -14,53,35,784 | -14,99,88,720 | |||
| Togo | -4,39,32,376 | 3,68,77,438 | -11,02,86,638 | 1,39,49,734 | 7,13,44,015 | -33,71,70,551 | 4,94,17,166 | 7,33,81,656 | 13,18,58,236 | -7,23,045 | 9,88,25,036 | -23,25,72,163 | 55,48,14,966 | 7,48,87,849 | |||||
| Uganda | -4,19,18,557 | -46,43,18,171 | 16,08,64,146 | -4,20,09,359 | -8,15,67,584 | 53,40,65,973 | 22,96,83,562 | 8,08,94,662 | -38,71,42,140 | 31,85,03,019 | 48,47,06,330 | -28,85,64,040 | -1,80,70,135 | 22,66,45,365 | 47,67,48,442 | -81,70,70,932 | -29,38,30,114 | ||
| Zambia | 22,18,11,827 | -1,93,28,428 | -2,08,61,55,653 | -6,64,07,163 | 10,62,01,359 | 16,57,83,528 | -26,25,91,248 | 30,09,65,773 | -44,61,91,473 | -24,98,18,523 | 1,05,46,900 | -38,88,54,808 | -9,93,22,846 | -44,23,35,846 | 1,48,47,42,262 | -1,41,24,92,727 | -2,04,78,23,005 | ||
| Zimbabwe | 8,57,44,940 | -27,98,06,562 | -84,85,44,403 | -30,71,76,496 | -18,30,15,659 | -12,45,04,970 | -5,09,92,890 | 5,83,53,565 | -56,83,18,377 | -9,09,15,401 | -3,59,12,902 | -8,76,92,585 | 67,91,32,585 | -33,44,64,312 | -73,03,67,130 |