PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
Australia | 7.76 | 7.46 | 6.99 | 7.45 | 7.32 | 7.53 | 7.43 | 7.39 | 7.18 | 7.20 | 7.43 | 7.74 | 9.33 | 8.25 |
Brunei Darussalam | 8.37 | 7.15 | 7.17 | 6.29 | 7.23 | 7.64 | 7.81 | 8.04 | 7.77 | 7.71 | 7.23 | 7.49 | 7.95 | 7.60 |
Cambodia | 30.87 | 29.80 | 29.99 | 24.82 | 21.68 | 23.00 | 25.78 | 22.11 | 21.60 | 22.41 | 20.71 | 22.99 | 22.97 | 24.14 |
China | 49.30 | 50.30 | 51.48 | 47.48 | 51.35 | 48.12 | 58.47 | 54.57 | 50.83 | 46.83 | 45.84 | 40.27 | 37.55 | 34.81 |
Fiji | 10.17 | 13.13 | 12.77 | 12.41 | 12.49 | 12.69 | 12.66 | 12.14 | 11.94 | 12.33 | 12.31 | 12.74 | 12.91 | 12.42 |
Indonesia | 29.84 | 26.21 | 24.39 | 20.60 | 17.92 | 19.55 | 20.10 | 18.54 | 18.67 | 19.13 | 16.96 | 18.44 | 19.43 | 17.88 |
Japan | 13.37 | 13.16 | 12.32 | 10.85 | 12.27 | 12.81 | 13.25 | 13.74 | 12.87 | 12.80 | 13.12 | 13.08 | 12.94 | 12.84 |
Kiribati | 10.97 | 12.19 | 12.03 | 11.47 | 11.32 | 11.32 | 11.32 | 11.00 | 10.62 | 11.11 | 10.97 | 11.34 | 11.55 | 11.26 |
Republic of Korea | 25.98 | 25.44 | 24.47 | 21.79 | 24.88 | 25.58 | 27.49 | 28.38 | 26.29 | 26.67 | 26.00 | 25.93 | 26.02 | 25.94 |
Lao People’s Democratic Republic | 29.69 | 28.82 | 28.78 | 24.23 | 20.58 | 22.44 | 24.24 | 21.39 | 20.17 | 22.46 | 19.15 | 20.98 | 22.43 | 22.32 |
Malaysia | 31.53 | 23.51 | 22.72 | 17.57 | 16.55 | 17.91 | 18.80 | 17.11 | 16.93 | 16.39 | 14.95 | 16.65 | 17.82 | 16.19 |
Marshall Islands | 11.24 | 11.92 | 11.59 | 11.07 | 10.89 | 10.78 | 10.77 | 10.54 | 10.27 | 10.34 | 10.38 | 10.54 | 10.80 | 10.73 |
Micronesia (Federated States of) | 12.44 | 13.18 | 12.58 | 12.12 | 11.95 | 12.01 | 12.23 | 11.76 | 12.61 | 11.56 | 11.44 | 12.09 | 12.34 | 12.11 |
Mongolia | 19.91 | 21.40 | 20.90 | 27.92 | 35.88 | 38.23 | 36.12 | 32.63 | 33.60 | 34.39 | 31.41 | 30.34 | 31.08 | 29.65 |
Myanmar | 41.65 | 39.53 | 41.01 | 34.31 | 29.49 | 33.18 | 35.17 | 31.22 | 29.92 | 31.17 | 28.13 | 31.56 | 32.16 | 32.32 |
Nauru | 5.65 | 6.49 | 6.13 | 5.66 | 5.56 | 5.47 | 5.64 | 5.45 | 5.65 | 6.09 | 6.44 | 6.14 | 6.03 | 6.06 |
New Zealand | 7.15 | 6.92 | 6.52 | 6.97 | 6.74 | 6.77 | 6.78 | 6.60 | 6.57 | 6.63 | 6.83 | 7.21 | 7.42 | 6.49 |
Palau | 7.74 | 7.22 | 7.05 | 5.81 | 6.55 | 6.91 | 6.83 | 7.37 | 8.94 | 7.01 | 7.00 | 7.89 | 7.75 | 7.33 |
Papua New Guinea | 18.08 | 17.96 | 16.06 | 17.21 | 16.46 | 16.47 | 16.50 | 16.37 | 16.87 | 16.15 | 15.93 | 16.92 | 16.89 | 17.31 |
Philippines | 33.40 | 31.52 | 29.94 | 23.03 | 20.28 | 21.84 | 22.74 | 20.34 | 19.71 | 19.91 | 18.33 | 20.59 | 21.53 | 20.29 |
Samoa | 12.89 | 13.16 | 13.20 | 12.52 | 12.25 | 12.47 | 12.56 | 12.58 | 12.42 | 12.51 | 12.09 | 12.82 | 12.87 | 12.55 |
Singapore | 35.03 | 19.80 | 16.22 | 13.80 | 15.50 | 16.92 | 18.08 | 17.28 | 17.18 | 15.90 | 16.08 | 15.98 | 17.08 | 13.87 |
Solomon Islands | 12.43 | 12.79 | 12.74 | 13.42 | 13.31 | 13.32 | 13.58 | 13.67 | 13.39 | 13.47 | 13.43 | 14.27 | 14.30 | 13.95 |
Thailand | 44.30 | 40.39 | 40.32 | 33.47 | 29.06 | 31.59 | 34.49 | 29.97 | 28.15 | 30.40 | 27.10 | 30.01 | 30.38 | 31.01 |
Timor-Leste | 21.84 | 21.06 | 20.65 | 17.66 | 16.26 | 17.65 | 17.50 | 16.81 | 15.76 | 16.21 | 14.98 | 16.82 | 17.63 | 17.41 |
Tonga | 12.69 | 12.93 | 12.52 | 12.33 | 12.13 | 12.38 | 12.18 | 12.09 | 11.74 | 12.02 | 12.08 | 12.65 | 12.76 | 12.48 |
Tuvalu | 5.24 | 6.20 | 5.99 | 5.52 | 5.28 | 5.24 | 5.41 | 5.52 | 5.48 | 5.88 | 6.20 | 6.15 | 6.01 | 5.92 |
Vanuatu | 14.70 | 15.06 | 13.94 | 14.16 | 14.27 | 14.07 | 14.26 | 13.91 | 13.47 | 13.87 | 13.67 | 14.64 | 14.34 | 14.08 |
Viet Nam | 28.61 | 27.23 | 27.36 | 23.08 | 20.49 | 21.51 | 23.23 | 20.40 | 19.38 | 20.33 | 18.58 | 20.16 | 20.83 | 20.80 |
Armenia | 28.22 | 27.50 | 27.93 | 34.45 | 41.81 | 43.29 | 41.05 | 38.64 | 38.11 | 35.86 | 34.02 | 34.20 | 32.66 | 30.58 |
Azerbaijan | 19.37 | 19.77 | 19.21 | 23.12 | 27.43 | 29.18 | 28.23 | 26.42 | 25.19 | 24.35 | 23.24 | 23.24 | 22.02 | 21.73 |
Georgia | 16.81 | 15.65 | 15.23 | 18.45 | 22.20 | 23.06 | 22.25 | 20.98 | 20.33 | 19.31 | 18.53 | 18.45 | 17.62 | 17.04 |
Kazakhstan | 18.94 | 16.70 | 16.63 | 20.51 | 25.49 | 27.20 | 25.84 | 23.84 | 22.56 | 22.76 | 21.02 | 20.59 | 20.86 | 20.03 |
Kyrgyzstan | 22.02 | 23.04 | 22.42 | 26.59 | 33.45 | 34.38 | 33.83 | 30.55 | 29.75 | 29.02 | 26.86 | 27.45 | 26.76 | 24.38 |
Tajikistan | 33.41 | 37.03 | 33.21 | 39.79 | 53.20 | 51.38 | 51.05 | 46.67 | 45.57 | 44.77 | 42.51 | 42.33 | 40.29 | 37.05 |
Turkmenistan | 19.34 | 19.16 | 16.65 | 21.47 | 27.22 | 27.02 | 26.43 | 25.07 | 23.68 | 23.18 | 21.69 | 22.45 | 20.25 | 19.60 |
Uzbekistan | 31.44 | 30.71 | 28.42 | 33.73 | 44.20 | 43.90 | 42.95 | 39.49 | 37.84 | 37.55 | 35.21 | 34.84 | 34.13 | 31.96 |
Afghanistan | 64.17 | 64.77 | 63.32 | 49.68 | 61.82 | 70.92 | 73.13 | 77.14 | 73.49 | 72.77 | 65.86 | 67.23 | 58.33 | 46.09 |
Bangladesh | 53.18 | 53.21 | 54.66 | 42.16 | 52.30 | 65.16 | 64.38 | 68.33 | 64.11 | 63.68 | 58.34 | 59.51 | 50.36 | 42.38 |
Bhutan | 31.94 | 32.57 | 34.07 | 25.86 | 30.47 | 38.13 | 37.42 | 40.30 | 37.49 | 36.94 | 33.81 | 34.08 | 30.05 | 23.95 |
India | 62.00 | 61.51 | 62.77 | 50.10 | 61.71 | 74.00 | 76.25 | 79.04 | 73.81 | 75.79 | 67.31 | 68.12 | 59.89 | 48.39 |
Maldives | 22.09 | 16.81 | 16.01 | 13.45 | 12.07 | 12.97 | 13.24 | 11.73 | 10.81 | 12.38 | 11.33 | 12.50 | 12.31 | 12.01 |
Nepal | 58.06 | 57.91 | 59.59 | 48.38 | 57.74 | 71.41 | 71.42 | 75.12 | 70.94 | 72.41 | 64.64 | 64.21 | 57.28 | 45.72 |
Pakistan | 60.32 | 59.16 | 58.99 | 46.57 | 55.75 | 66.87 | 68.58 | 71.71 | 68.01 | 68.52 | 61.80 | 62.39 | 52.86 | 43.00 |
Sri Lanka | 26.24 | 26.66 | 26.25 | 22.05 | 19.31 | 20.91 | 21.97 | 19.78 | 17.91 | 19.52 | 18.35 | 20.85 | 19.78 | 19.96 |